Abstract: To provide a crystallized glass substrate including a surface with a compressive stress layer, in which a compressive stress CS (MPa) on an outermost surface of the compressive stress layer is 400 to 1400 MPa, and DOL50%/DOLzero is 0.30 or more, where DOL50% (?m) is a depth at which the value of the compressive stress is 50% of the CS and DOLzero (?m) is a depth at which the value of the compressive stress is 0 MPa.

Abstract: To provide a crystallized glass substrate including a surface with a compressive stress layer, in which a stress depth DOLzero of the compressive stress layer, at which the compressive stress is 0 MPa, is 45 to 200 ?m, a compressive stress CS on an outermost surface of the compressive stress layer is 400 to 1400 MPa, and CS×DOLzero, which is a product of the compressive stress CS on the outermost surface and the stress depth DOLzero (?m), is 4.8×104 or more.

Abstract: To provide a crystallized glass substrate including a surface with a compressive stress layer, where a stress depth DOLzero of the compressive stress layer, at which the compressive stress is 0 MPa, is 45 to 200 ?m, a compressive stress CS on an outermost surface of the compressive stress layer is 400 to 1400 MPa, and a central stress CT determined by using curve analysis is 55 to 300 MPa.

Abstract: To provide a crystallized glass substrate including a surface with a compressive stress layer, in which, CS is 400 to 1400 MPa and CT×(T?2×DOLzero)/CS×DOLzero is 0.60 or more, where CS (MPa) denotes a compressive stress on an outermost surface of the compressive stress layer, DOLzero (?m) denotes a stress depth of the compressive stress layer at which the compressive stress is 0 MPa, CT (MPa) denotes a central stress determined by curve analysis, and T (?m) denotes a thickness of the substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid supply system with which it is possible to perform quality control of a liquid provided by the system.

Abstract: There are provided a liquid supply system and a liquid loss reduction method capable of reducing a liquid loss caused when a liquid storage container is replaced. A liquid supply system (101) that transfers a liquid in a storage container (10) through a supply pipe (30), and dispenses the liquid from a dispensing outlet in a dispensing device (50). The liquid supply system includes a spout prevention unit (110) that is installed in the supply pipe, has a predetermined internal volume, and prevents a pressurized gas from being spouted from the dispensing outlet, a liquid-absence detection device (120) that is installed between the storage container and the spout prevention unit, and detects absence of the liquid in the storage container, and a control device (130) that is electrically connected to the liquid-absence detection device, and gives instructions for closing a flow path in the dispensing device in response to the detection of the absence of the liquid in the storage container.

Abstract: A management apparatus MA includes a pressure sensor 12 configured to detect a pressure of a gas cylinder 110 that supplies carbon dioxide gas to a beverage barrel 120 so as to supply the beverage from the beverage barrel 120 to the beverage server 150, and a control unit 20 configured to notify exchange of the gas cylinder 110 based on an output from the pressure sensor 12.

Abstract: A liquid sales management device is to be added to a liquid supply system supplying a liquid within a storage container to a dispensing device through a supply pipe with the liquid pressurized in order to cool the liquid in the dispensing device, and dispensing the cooled liquid to a drinking container. The liquid sales management device includes an actual flow rate determining unit that determines an actual measured flow rate of the liquid dispensed into the drinking container from the dispensing device, a cleaning mode detection unit that detects a cleaning mode in the liquid supply system, and a consumption flow rate acquisition unit that determines an actual consumption of the liquid based on the number of cycles of the cleaning mode, a known liquid amount consumed in one cycle of the cleaning mode in the liquid supply system, and the actual measured flow rate.

Abstract: A liquid quality management device capable of being added to a liquid supply system supplying a liquid in a storage container to a dispensing device in order to cool the liquid and dispensing the liquid into a drinking container includes: a dispensing sensor; and a control device electrically connected to the dispensing sensor and configured to perform control operation of at least one of a refrigeration machine and a stirring device provided in the dispensing device at the same time when dispensing of the liquid is started.

Abstract: A management apparatus MA includes a pressure sensor 12 configured to detect a pressure of a gas cylinder 110 that supplies carbon dioxide gas to a beverage barrel 120 so as to supply the beverage from the beverage barrel 120 to the beverage server 150, and a control unit 20 configured to notify exchange of the gas cylinder 110 based on an output from the pressure sensor 12.

Abstract: A liquid quality management device capable of being added to a liquid supply system which can supply a liquid within a storage container to a dispensing device in order to cool the liquid, and can dispense the liquid to a drinking container. The liquid quality management device includes an actual flow rate preparation unit including a flow rate sensor for determining an actual measured flow rate of the liquid; a dispensing liquid temperature sensor for measuring a temperature of the liquid dispensed into the drinking container; and a determination unit electrically connected to the actual flow rate preparation unit and the dispensing liquid temperature sensor, for determining an integrated flow rate of the liquid when the liquid temperature is equal to or higher than a set temperature, and for determining whether or not coolability of the dispensing device is suitable by comparing the integrated flow rate with a determination value.

Abstract: A liquid quality management device capable of being added to a liquid supply system supplying a liquid in a storage container to a dispensing device in order to cool the liquid and dispensing the liquid into a drinking container includes: a dispensing sensor; and a control device electrically connected to the dispensing sensor and configured to perform control operation of at least one of a refrigeration machine and a stirring device provided in the dispensing device at the same time when dispensing of the liquid is started.

Abstract: A liquid quality management device capable of being added to a liquid supply system which can supply a liquid within a storage container to a dispensing device in order to cool the liquid, and can dispense the liquid to a drinking container. The liquid quality management device includes an actual flow rate preparation unit including a flow rate sensor for determining an actual measured flow rate of the liquid; a dispensing liquid temperature sensor for measuring a temperature of the liquid dispensed into the drinking container; and a determination unit electrically connected to the actual flow rate preparation unit and the dispensing liquid temperature sensor, for determining an integrated flow rate of the liquid when the liquid temperature is equal to or higher than a set temperature, and for determining whether or not coolability of the dispensing device is suitable by comparing the integrated flow rate with a determination value.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid sales management device capable of being added to a liquid supply system, the liquid supply system supplying a liquid within a storage container to a dispensing device through a supply pipe with the liquid pressurized in order to cool the liquid in the dispensing device, and dispensing the cooled liquid to a drinking container. The liquid sales management device includes an actual flow rate determining unit that determines a actual measured flow rate of the liquid dispensed into the drinking container from the dispensing device, a cleaning mode detection unit that detects a cleaning mode in the liquid supply system, and a consumption flow rate acquisition unit that determines an actual consumption of the liquid with the number of times of the cleaning mode, a known liquid amount consumed with one operation of the cleaning mode in the liquid supply system, and the actual measured flow rate.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid sales management system that includes a liquid supply system and a sales information management system in a store, and a management server that performs information communication with the liquid supply system and the sales information management system. The liquid supply system includes a dispensing device that dispenses a liquid to a drinking container, an actual flow rate preparation part that determines an actual measured flow rate of the liquid dispensed into the drinking container from the dispensing device, and a transmission and reception part. The sales information management system is a system that sends sales information to a communication line. The management server includes a consumption analysis part that determines a difference between an apparent liquid amount and the actual measured flow rate, as a non-sale amount of the liquid.

Abstract: A temperature control device includes a first light source unit; a second light source unit, a temperature control effort for which is different from a temperature control effort for the first light source unit; a heat exchanger plate in contact with the first light source unit and the second light source unit; a single temperature control element configured to control temperature of the first light source unit and temperature of the second light source unit via the heat exchanger plate; and a thermal resistance adjustment part configured to adjust at least one of a value of a thermal resistance between the temperature control element and the first light source unit and a value of a thermal resistance between the temperature control element and the second light source unit.

Abstract: A grounding part, an electronic device, an imaging device, and a method of producing a grounding part are provided. The grounding part includes a first connecting component made of an electrically conductive material and connected to a circuit board having an electronic component thereon, and a second connecting component made of an electrically conductive material and connected to the first connecting component and a grounding member. The first connecting component includes a substrate connecting part connected to the circuit board, and a second-connecting-component connecting part connected to the second connecting component, and the second connecting component includes a first-connecting-component connecting part connected to the first connecting component, and a grounding-part connecting part connected to the grounding member. The imaging device includes the circuit board and the grounding member.

Abstract: A temperature control device includes a first light source unit; a second light source unit, a temperature control effort for which is different from a temperature control effort for the first light source unit; a heat exchanger plate in contact with the first light source unit and the second light source unit; a single temperature control element configured to control temperature of the first light source unit and temperature of the second light source unit via the heat exchanger plate; and a thermal resistance adjustment part configured to adjust at least one of a value of a thermal resistance between the temperature control element and the first light source unit and a value of a thermal resistance between the temperature control element and the second light source unit.

Abstract: A fresh water generation method using a fresh water-generating device. The fresh water generation method includes a first treatment process for treating sewage and wastewater using a biological treatment unit and a first solid-liquid separation unit; a second treatment process for treating sewage and wastewater with a second solid-liquid separation unit; and a first detection process for detecting the treatment capacity level of the biological treatment unit; and which adjusts the volume of sewage and wastewater treated with the second treatment process on the basis of the results of the first detection process.