Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method and apparatus for separating one or more condensable compounds from a mixture of two or more gases of differing volatilities by capillary fractionation in a membrane-type apparatus, and a method of forming porous structures therefor. More particularly, the invention includes methods of forming and using an apparatus consisting, at least in part, of a porous structure having capillary-type passages extending between a plurality of small openings on the first side and larger openings on a second side of the structure, the passages being adapted to permit a condensed liquid to flow therethrough substantially by capillary forces, whereby vapors from the mixture are condensed, at least in part, and substantially in and adjacent to the openings on the first side, and are caused to flow in a condensed liquid state, substantially in the absence of vapor, from the openings on the first side to the openings on the second side.

Abstract: A process disclosed for the separation, purification and recovery of an unsaturated hydrocarbon from its mixture with at least one other material using a facilitated transport liquid membrane system.

Abstract: Dual-flow chemical reactor cores containing catalytic heat-transfer walls comprising both a gas-impervious material and a suitable catalyst which allows oxidative coupling of methane into higher hydrocarbons, dual-flow reactors having these catalytic heat-transfer walls to control and facilitate simultaneously coupling of methane and cracking of hydrocarbon compounds in separate gas streams, and chemical processes which combine coupling of methane and cracking of hydrocarbon compounds to make olefins in a dual-flow reactor having catalytic heat-transfer walls.

Abstract: An olefins process is described which combines cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock with the coupling of methane using an oxygen-affording gas such that the heat evolved in the exothermic methane coupling reaction is effectively transferred to the endothermic cracking process in a manner which does not allow the non-hydrocarbon products in the effluent of the methane coupling reaction to mix with the effluent of the cracking process. By combining the cryogenic requirements of the two processes, the refrigeration used in air liquifaction to separate oxygen for the methane coupling process can provide refrigerant nitrogen to liquify one or more of methane, ethylene and propylene which can be used in the cryogenic separation of the C.sub.2 + hydrocarbon products in the cracking process effluent.

Abstract: A method for thermally cracking hydrocarbons under elevated pressure is disclosed.

Abstract: A portable vessel for a sample of gas, some components of which may condence when cooled to ambient temperature. The container with inlet and outlet valves is surrounded by a heater and insulation so that the sampled material can be maintained above the dew point of any of its components.A method of use includes the step of purging the vessel with inert gas prior to the sample collection and introduction of the sample into an analyzer.

Abstract: A process for preparing a photographic emulsion having a controlled grain size, structure, and size distribution, wherein a silver salt and an alkali metal halide react to precipitate silver halide grains at uniform pAg using high velocity mixing jets directed vertically downward to accomplish rapid dilution of and mixing of reactants in a conventional paddle-agitated precipitation vessel. A single recycle loop, or double recycle loops, feeds the mixing jets.