Abstract: An array of electrodes is constructed to allow the user to easily adjust to the correct size of the patient's head. The array is self-adhesive, pre-gelled and disposable. The array fits easily over the temple and forehead areas where EEG signals can be acquired by specially designed monitors for purposes of monitoring a number of bodily phenomena, including but not limited to, depth of anesthesia, and/or ischemia, and burst suppression. The array is connected to the monitor via a tab connector that is integral to the disposable device. The tab connector is insertible into a reusable connector that is part of a monitoring system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method for providing information to the user of a medical monitoring or diagnostic device to aid in the clinical decision making process. The preferred embodiment uses two estimators or predictors of the same physiological quantity, with each of the estimators being designed to detect specific states or artifacts in the estimated parameter and thus operating at a different point on its respective ROC curve; one chosen to provide high sensitivity, the other chosen to provide high specificity. The divergence between the estimators is indicated by the use of a shaded region between their respective time trends. The use of 2 estimators of the same parameters with different performance characteristics allows the system and method of the present invention to derive additional information about the underlying physiologic process over and above that which would be available from a single estimator.

Abstract: A sensor system which includes a biopotential signal monitor, a smart sensor and the accompanying hardware and software interface which authenticates the source and validity of the smart sensor and also verifies that the smart sensor meets various criteria for use.

Abstract: Disclosed is a physiological electrical signal connector system which one connector connected to an electrode set and another connector connected to a digital signal convertor which leads to a patient monitor. Each type of electrode set has a specific code identified with it and when connected to the digital signal convertor, the connector code is recognized by the digital signal convertor. The connector code is then relayed to the monitor which will self-configure based on the identified code.

Abstract: An array of electrodes is constructed to allow the user to easily adjust to the correct size of the patient's head. The array is self-adhesive, pre-gelled and disposable. The array fits easily over the temple and forehead areas where EEG signals can be acquired by specially designed monitors for purposes of monitoring a number of bodily phenomena, including but not limited to, depth of anesthesia, and/or ischemia, and burst suppression. The array is connected to the monitor via a tab connector that is integral to the disposable device. The tab connector is insertible into a reusable connector that is part of a monitoring system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a physiological electrical signal connector system which one connector connected to an electrode set and another connector connected to a digital signal convertor which leads to a patient monitor. Each type of electrode set has a specific code identified with it and when connected to the digital signal convertor, the connector code is recognized by the digital signal convertor. The connector code is then relayed to the monitor which will self-configure based on the identified code.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and method to derive a diagnostic index indicative of a selected cerebral phenomena which obtains 19 unipolar EEG signals from regions of interest on both the left and right hemispheres of a subject's brain. The system uses high-gain, low-noise amplifiers to maximize the dynamic range for low energy wave components of the signals. Band-pass filtering is used to reduce noise and to avoid aliasing. The system applies commonly used digital signal processing (DSP) techniques to digitize, to low-pass filter (100 Hz), and to decimate the signals. Power spectral, bispectral, and higher-order spectral processing is then performed. In a preferred embodiment, the system divides the most recent 63 seconds of digitized EEG data from each lead into 60 4-second intervals, each with 3 seconds of overlap with the previous interval.

Abstract: Disclosed is a real time diagnostic apparatus and method quantitatively evaluating, in a noninvasive manner, cerebral phenomena. Surface electroencephalographic (EEG) signals are obtained and filtered in a desired frequency range. Digital EEG data is normalized and the dynamic phase and density relations within the signal are characterized by processing the filtered signals to generate Kth-ordered spectral values where K is an integer greater than 2. A diagnostic index which quantifies the detected cerebral phenomena is then derived from the generated Kth-order spectral values.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cardiac biopotential analysis system and method for detecting and quantifying in a noninvasive manner nonlinear dynamic patterns of depolarization and repolarization on a beat to beat basis in real time using bispectral analysis. A suitable body surface electrode acquires the signal from a region of interest. The signal is then amplified, digitized, and transmitted to a host microcomputer where an arrhythmia-free QRST complex is chosen interactively. Using standard cross-correlation methods a suitable number of complexes are extracted from the record. The extracted complexes are used to compute bispectral parameters using a frequency domain or a parametric based approach. A reference clinical database is used to identify frequency pairs most sensitive to particular interventions or diagnostic states of interest. The values at these frequency pairs are then extracted from the patient's bispectral arrays.

Abstract: Disclosed is a real time cerebral diagnostic apparatus and method for quantitatively evaluating, in a noninvasive manner, cerebral phenomena such as the depth and adequacy of anesthesia pain responses during surgical stress, acute cerebral ischemia, level of consciousness, degree of intoxication and ongoing normal and abnormal cognitive processes. A suitable electrode and amplifier system is used to obtain high resolution biopotentials from the regions of interest. Surface electroencephalographic (EEG) signals are filtered to allow the acquisition of frequencies between 2 and 500 Hz, then digitized and transmitted over a high speed serial line to a host computer where a 32 second long signal is divided into 128 consecutive 0.25 second intervals. Digital EEG data from unipolar leads is normalized and the dynamic phase and density relations within the signal are then characterized by estimating the third-order autocorrelation function or autobispectrum using either a frequency domain, or parametric approach.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cardiac biopotential analysis system and method for detecting, in a noninvasive manner, the degree of myocardial ischemia and the amount of cardiac electrophysiologic stability present in a subject. A suitable body surface electrode acquires the signal from a region of interest. The body surface electrocardiographic signals are then amplified, digitized and transmitted to a host computer where an arrhythmia free QRST complex template is chosen interactively. Using cross-correlation, 50 subsequent complexes that mask the template are extracted. A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is then performed on every beat. The FFT results of every QRST are used to produce a bispectral complex and real triple product arrays. Each point in these arrays is then averaged over the 50 previously acquired QRST complexes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a biopotential analysis system and method of the present invention for determining, in a noninvasive manner, cerebral electrical properties. A suitable electrode and amplifier system is used to obtain biopotentials from the region of interest. Surface electroencephalographic signals are then digitized and transmitted over a serial RS232C line to a host computer where a two minute long signal is divided into 30 consecutive four second intervals. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) is then performed on every interval, and the resulting fast Fourier transforms are then used to produce bispectral complex triple product and bispectral real triple product arrays for that interval. The complex triple product arrays of all intervals are added together, and the real triple product arrays of all intervals are also added together.