Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to a method, system and an apparatus that includes a hollow canister including a top portion and a bottom portion, the top portion including a top opening and the bottom portion including a bottom opening. The hollow canister additional includes an inner compartment within the hollow canister, the inner compartment being porous to allow fluid transfer across the inner compartment, a neutral buoyancy device, a variable buoyancy device, and a thermoelectric module lining an inner portion of the hollow canister. The thermoelectric module generates electricity based on a temperature difference of between an interior temperature the hollow canister and an exterior temperature on a periphery of the hollow canister.

Abstract: A vehicle which is adaptable for both flight and water travel includes: a body; a wing, a stabilizer, or a first propelling member; and at least one attachment member. The body is configured to fly through air and to move through water. The at least one attachment member attaches the wing, the stabilizer, or the first propelling member to the body while the body is in flight. The at least one attachment member detaches at least a portion of the wing, at least a portion of the stabilizer, or at least a portion of the first propelling member from the body when the body is in the water.

Abstract: A quickly attachable electric generator system for producing electric power from hot or cold surfaces of magnetic materials. The system includes at least one permanent magnet for providing a magnetic attractive force to hold a surface of a thermoelectric module against the hot or cold surfaces. In a preferred embodiment, useful for attaching to the tail pipe or muffler of a motor vehicle, a thin flexible high heat conducting copper disk is braised to a thin bottom portion of a copper pedestal that has a wider flat upper portion. The wider flat upper portion is the heat source of a thermoelectric module that is compressed between it and an aluminum fin unit functioning as a heat sink. Insulating wafers on both the hot and cold sides to the thermoelectric module provide electrical insulation of the module from the copper pedestal and the finned heat sink. Heat conducting grease is used to improve thermal conductivity.

Abstract: A quickly attachable electric generator device for producing electric power from surfaces of hot or cold pipes. The invention provides a thermoelectric unit which includes a pedestal comprised of a material with high thermal conductivity on which a thermoelectric module is located. The pedestal includes a heat transfer element made to conform to a hot or cold cylindrical surface. The module also includes a module-to-air heat transfer element and the thermoelectric module is compressed between the air-to-module element and the pedestal. This element is referred to as a heat sink when energy is extracted from a hot surface and is referred to as a heat source when energy is flowing from the air and a cold surface. In preferred embodiments the heat transfer element is a thin flexible heat conductor that conforms to the hot or cold surface of various shapes and serves as a heat transfer conduit to transfer heat to or from a rigid portion of the pedestal.

Abstract: A method for forming a doping superlattice using a laser is disclosed. By interfering a laser beam A (44a) and a laser beam B (44b) in a uniformly doped semiconductor or uniformly doped insulator (21), the uniformly doped semiconductor or uniformly doped insulator (21) is converted into a doping superlattice composed of dopant layers orientated parallel to the semiconductor's polished surface (57) or a doping superlattice composed of dopant layers orientated perpendicular to the semiconductor's polished surface (58). Using more complex laser beam interference patterns the uniformly doped semiconductor or uniformly doped insulator (21) can be converted into a doping superlattice composed of a two-dimensional array of dopant lines or dopant wires (108) or a doping superlattice composed of a three-dimensional array of dopant dots or dopant clusters (120).

Abstract: A method for forming periodic electronic potential structures in doped bulk solids using one or more standing electromagnetic waves is disclosed. Using a single standing electromagnetic wave (47) a monocrystal silicon sample uniformly doped with Li7 atoms (21) is converted into a monocrystal silicon sample containing planes of Li7 atoms (57). Using two and three standing electromagnetic waves, oriented perpendicular to one another, a monocrystal silicon sample containing rows or wires of Li7 atoms (108), and a monocrystal silicon sample containing dots, spots, or clusters of Li7 atoms (112) can be formed, respectively.

Abstract: A method for forming doping superlattices in doped bulk semiconductors using one or more standing electromagnetic waves is disclosed. Using a standing optical beam comprising of optical beats (47) a uniformly doped bulk semiconductor (21) is converted into a doping superlattice comprising of planes (57). Using two and three standing optical beams comprising of optical beats, oriented perpendicular to one another, a doping superlattice comprising of a two dimensional array of wires (108), and a doping superlattice comprising of a three dimensional array of dots (112) can be formed, respectively.