Abstract: A flow cell system includes a vessel and a fluid located in the vessel. A fluid surface of the fluid can be vented to a first gas pressure. The fluid surface can have a first cross-sectional area. The flow cell system includes a conduit in fluid communication with the vessel and positioned downstream of the vessel. The conduit can have a region that includes one or more orifices and has a second cross-sectional area. The second cross-sectional area can be less than the first cross-sectional area. The one or more orifices can be vented to a second gas pressure. The second gas pressure can be equal to or greater than the first gas pressure. Methods for analyzing a process fluid can include characterizing the fluid in the conduit.

Abstract: A flow cell system includes a vessel and a fluid located in the vessel. A fluid surface of the fluid can be vented to a first gas pressure. The fluid surface can have a first cross-sectional area. The flow cell system includes a conduit in fluid communication with the vessel and positioned downstream of the vessel. The conduit can have a region that includes one or more orifices and has a second cross-sectional area. The second cross-sectional area can be less than the first cross-sectional area. The one or more orifices can be vented to a second gas pressure. The second gas pressure can be equal to or greater than the first gas pressure. Methods for analyzing a process fluid can include characterizing the fluid in the conduit.

Abstract: The invention provides an in situ method for protecting material exposed to molten salt, the method having the steps of supplying metal in a first nonreactive state to the molten salt to create a mixture; measuring a redox state of the mixture; and transforming the metal to a second reactive state when the redox state indicates corrosion of the material is about to occur. Also provided is a system for preventing corrosion of structural alloys in molten salt environments, the system having a vessel defining a void containing the molten salt; a voltammetry sensor inserted into the molten salt; a first cathode inserted into the molten salt; and a first anode inserted into the molten salt, whereby the cathode and anode are in electrical communication with an electrical power source.

Abstract: A multi electrode sensor that provides in-situ, real time measurements for molten salts and other process fluids such as real-time concentration and salt level measurements for nuclear systems such as molten salt reactors, nuclear reprocessing facilities utilizing molten salts and concentrated solar power systems. The sensor has multiple electrodes with unique lengths which are connected to a potentiostat. Measurements are taken when the electrodes are immersed in the process fluid.

Abstract: A multi electrode sensor that provides in-situ, real time measurements for molten salts and other process fluids such as real-time concentration and salt level measurements for nuclear systems such as molten salt reactors, nuclear reprocessing facilities utilizing molten salts and concentrated solar power systems. The sensor has multiple electrodes with unique lengths which are connected to a potentiostat. Measurements are taken when the electrodes are immersed in the process fluid.