Abstract: One or more binary turning function signatures for each of the layout patterns are determined. The one or more binary turning function signatures comprise binary turning function signatures for polygons in each of the layout patterns, and may further comprise binary turning function signatures for secondary polygons A binary turning function signature of a polygon is derived based on deriving a minimum binary number or a maximum binary number among variants of a binary turning function sequence number for the polygon. The variants are generated by circular bit shifting and bit sequence reversing. Similar layout patterns in the layout patterns are determined based on the one or more binary turning function signatures.

Abstract: One or more binary turning function signatures for each of the layout patterns are determined. The one or more binary turning function signatures comprise binary turning function signatures for polygons in each of the layout patterns, and may further comprise binary turning function signatures for secondary polygons A binary turning function signature of a polygon is derived based on deriving a minimum binary number or a maximum binary number among variants of a binary turning function sequence number for the polygon. The variants are generated by circular bit shifting and bit sequence reversing. Similar layout patterns in the layout patterns are determined based on the one or more binary turning function signatures.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product are disclosed for automating the import of data from a legacy business software application into an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system. An import template includes a first plurality of XML tags, each tag in the first plurality of XML tags having SQL code implementing a mandatory or optional database process for importing the data. The import template is customized according to a selected business function, using a second plurality of XML tags, to perform pre-defined mandatory and selected optional database processes and to define a mapping of legacy application data fields to ERP system database fields. At a later time, the data are imported from the legacy application according to the customized import template. Import templates may be reused to perform multiple importations, and may be separately customized for each such importation.