Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a controller comprising: input means for receiving from a communication means associated with a vehicle a request for a first prediction of a first attribute associated with the vehicle; processing means for determining the first prediction of the first attribute in dependence on the request, wherein the first prediction comprises an indication of the first attribute and an indication of a first confidence associated with the first attribute; and output means for outputting, via the communication means, a first prediction response comprising the first prediction.

Abstract: A control system (1) for controlling a plant (2) comprises a feedback loop including an integrator (7); a signal generator (32); and a scaling unit (10). The feedback loop comprises an input suitable for connection to an output (18) of the plant. The integrator integrates a signal received from the input to generate a state signal x. The signal generator generates a periodic base perturbation signal (34) with an initial amplitude. The scaling unit generates a scaling factor (30) having a first value if the variance of the state signal var(x) is zero, or a second value if the variance of the state signal is non-zero, wherein the second value is proportional to (formulae 1) The scaling unit is arranged to multiply (16) the initial amplitude of the periodic base perturbation signal by the scaling factor to produce a state dependent perturbation signal (35, 36), which is applied to an input of the plant.

Abstract: A method for determining a charging requirement for an energy storage means of a vehicle can include: determining a routine of use of charge of the energy storage means; predicting a future use of charge of the energy storage means based on the routine; determining a charging requirement for the energy storage means based on the prediction; and providing an output to a user of the vehicle indicative of a time at which an increase in the state of charge of the energy storage means will be required based on the determined charging requirement.

Abstract: A control system (1) for controlling a plant (2) comprises a feedback loop including an integrator (7); a signal generator (32); and a scaling unit (10). The feedback loop comprises an input suitable for connection to an output (18) of the plant. The integrator integrates a signal received from the input to generate a state signal x. The signal generator generates a periodic base perturbation signal (34) with an initial amplitude. The scaling unit generates a scaling factor (30) having a first value if the variance of the state signal var(x) is zero, or a second value if the variance of the state signal is non-zero, wherein the second value is proportional to (formulae 1) The scaling unit is arranged to multiply (16) the initial amplitude of the periodic base perturbation signal by the scaling factor to produce a state dependent perturbation signal (35, 36), which is applied to an input of the plant.

Abstract: A method of determining operating factors of a second vehicle based on sensor data received relating to a plurality of journeys taken in a first vehicle can include: receiving sensor data relating to a plurality of journeys of the first vehicle; determining a predicted energy consumption of a second vehicle for each of a plurality of journeys undertaken by the first vehicle using the received sensor data; determining a predicted routine energy consumption profile of the second vehicle from the predicted energy consumption for each of the plurality of journeys; and generating an output for displaying the one or more operating factors indicative of a charging requirement for the second vehicle to a user, wherein the output is based on the predicted routine energy consumption profile.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining a predicted energy usage of a vehicle can include an input configured to receive sensor data associated with a plurality locations of a first vehicle. The apparatus can also include processing means configured to determine a predicted energy usage of a second vehicle based on the received sensor data, a force balance model, and at least one predetermined parameter of the second vehicle.

Abstract: A method for determining a charging requirement for an energy storage means of a vehicle can include: determining a routine of use of charge of the energy storage means; predicting a future use of charge of the energy storage means based on the routine; determining a charging requirement for the energy storage means based on the prediction; and providing an output to a user of the vehicle indicative of a time at which an increase in the state of charge of the energy storage means will be required based on the determined charging requirement.