Abstract: Improved battery separators are disclosed herein for use in flooded lead-acid batteries, and in particular enhanced flooded lead-acid batteries. The improved separators disclosed herein provide for enhanced electrolyte mixing and substantially reduced acid stratification. The improved flooded lead-acid batteries may be advantageously employed in applications in which the battery remains in a partial state of charge, for instance in start/stop vehicle systems. Also, improved lead-acid batteries, such as flooded lead-acid batteries, improved systems that include a lead-acid battery and a battery separator, improved battery separators, improved vehicles including such systems, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use may be provided.

Abstract: Improved battery separators are disclosed herein for use in flooded lead-acid batteries, and in particular enhanced flooded lead-acid batteries. The improved separators disclosed herein provide for enhanced electrolyte mixing and substantially reduced acid stratification. The improved flooded lead-acid batteries may be advantageously employed in applications in which the battery remains in a partial state of charge, for instance in start/stop vehicle systems. Also, improved lead-acid batteries, such as flooded lead-acid batteries, improved systems that include a lead-acid battery and a battery separator, improved battery separators, improved vehicles including such systems, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use may be provided.

Abstract: Improved battery separators are disclosed herein for use in flooded lead-acid batteries, and in particular enhanced flooded lead-acid batteries. The improved separators disclosed herein provide for enhanced electrolyte mixing and substantially reduced acid stratification. The improved flooded lead-acid batteries may be advantageously employed in applications in which the battery remains in a partial state of charge, for instance in start/stop vehicle systems. Also, improved lead-acid batteries, such as flooded lead-acid batteries, improved systems that include a lead-acid battery and a battery separator, improved battery separators, improved vehicles including such systems, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use may be provided.

Abstract: Improved battery separators are disclosed herein for use in flooded lead-acid batteries, and in particular enhanced flooded lead-acid batteries. The improved separators disclosed herein provide for enhanced electrolyte mixing and substantially reduced acid stratification. The improved flooded lead-acid batteries may be advantageously employed in applications in which the battery remains in a partial state of charge, for instance in start/stop vehicle systems. Also, improved lead-acid batteries, such as flooded lead-acid batteries, improved systems that include a lead-acid battery and a battery separator, improved battery separators, improved vehicles including such systems, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use may be provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are improved separators for lead acid batteries, improved batteries, and related methods. The separators may include a porous membrane, rubber and/or latex, and at least one performance enhancing additive or surfactant.

Abstract: Improved battery separators are disclosed herein for use in flooded lead-acid batteries, and in particular enhanced flooded lead-acid batteries. The improved separators disclosed herein provide for enhanced electrolyte mixing and substantially reduced acid stratification. The improved flooded lead-acid batteries may be advantageously employed in applications in which the battery remains in a partial state of charge, for instance in start/stop vehicle systems. Also, improved lead-acid batteries, such as flooded lead-acid batteries, improved systems that include a lead-acid battery and a battery separator, improved battery separators, improved vehicles including such systems, and/or methods of manufacture and/or use may be provided.

Abstract: The disclosure of the present application provides various compositions, and methods for preparing the same, which may be useful, for example, to prepare one or more anodes of the present disclosure. Such anodes may be useful, for example, to prepare one or more batteries which themselves, for example, may be useful in connection with a vehicle as referenced herein. In at least one embodiment of an anode of the present disclosure, the anode comprises lithium-based compound having the formula Li4?Ti5-yMyO12-zXz, wherein M comprises a dopant material selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, tungsten, zirconium, and hafnium, wherein X comprises a chalcogen selected from the group consisting of sulfur, selenium, and tellurium, wherein 0<y?1, and wherein 0<z?2y.

Abstract: A method for operating an electrolyzer to produce metal particles by electrolysis of an electrolyte solution while optimizing electrolyzer service life and particle quality. An electrolyzer immersed in a body of electrolyte including dissolved metal is energized by a power supply and cell voltage across an anode and cathode is monitored. Power supply output is adjusted responsive to the monitored voltage to maintain current density within a preferred range to promote high-quality particle growth. In a growth cycle, particles fully grown are removed from the cathode, and cell voltage polarity is reversed to dissolve unremoved particles. Peak cathode current may be monitored during polarity reversal to indicate a cathode surface condition, and the surface reconditioned if peak current exceeds an operating limit.

Abstract: A manganese based catalyst for use in a metal-air electrochemical cell wherein the catalyst is made by a sol-gel process. The sol-gel process creates catalyst particles that are submicron and easily distributed throughout the active layer of the electrode.

Abstract: A manganese based catalyst for use in a metal-air electrochemical cell wherein the catalyst is made by a micelle process and a method of producing the catalyst. An electrode comprising said catalyst and method of producing the electrode. The micelle encapsulation process creates catalyst particles that are submicron and easily distributed throughout the active layer of the electrode.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell is provided having a positive electrode, an alkaline electrolyte solution, a separator, and a negative electrode. The negative electrode comprises zinc powder, zinc oxide, gelling agent, and anolyte. The total zinc oxide is in the amount of 2.5 to 11 percent by weight of the negative electrode, The gelling agent is in an amount of 0.35 to 0.85 percent by weight of the negative electrode. The anolyte comprises potassium hydroxide in the amount of 30 to 37 percent by weight of the anolyte.

Abstract: A method for removing HF from a solid electrolyte using alumina is disclosed. The solid electrolyte contains a polymeric matrix, a salt, a solvent, and a toughening agent. The toughening agent may include alumina, silica, zeolite, and metal oxides (e.g., calcium oxide and magnesium oxide), and mixtures thereof. The toughening agent acts as a drying agent to remove excess solvent in the electrolyte. The solid electrolytes have improved mechanical strength and adherence to the anode and cathode.

Abstract: A bifunctional air electrode for a rechargeable metal-air cell is made with water soluble oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution catalyst precursors. The resulting air electrode exhibits greater power output than a conventional air electrode.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte containing a polymeric matrix, a salt, a solvent, and a toughening agent, is provided. The toughening agent may include alumina, silica, zeolite, and metal oxides (e.g., calcium oxide and magnesium oxide), and mixtures thereof. The toughening agent acts as a drying agent to remove excess solvent in the electrolyte. The solid electrolyte have improved mechanical strength and adherence to the anode and cathode.