Abstract: A process for producing terephthalic acid, comprising: passing a feed stream through a catalytic reactor wherein the feed stream comprises p-xylene; contacting the feed stream with a catalyst within the catalytic reactor to produce an oxidation reaction wherein the catalyst comprises, less than or equal to 10% of a metal component wherein the metal component comprises cobalt ions, manganese ions, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing, less than or equal to 15% bromide ions, and less than or equal to 2% silver ions; and producing a product stream comprising terephthalic acid, wherein the product stream exits the catalytic reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metallocene complex according to formula (1) wherein M is a metal selected from lanthanides or transition metals from group 3, 4, 5 or 6 of the Periodic System of the Elements, Q is an anionic ligand to M, k is the number of Q groups and equals the valence of M minus 2, Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 are identical or different and can be chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen and a hydrocarbon radical with 1-20 carbon atoms, and adjacent substituents Z can form a ring system together with the carbon atoms of the Cp ring to which they are bound.

Abstract: A method of reducing the formation of an impurity in a terephthalic acid (TPA) production process includes: combining in a reactor, a catalyst, a mixture comprising the impurity and the TPA, and a compound comprising an active carbon atom; reacting the impurity with the compound in the presence of the catalyst by a condensation-dehydration reaction process comprising a nucleophilic addition of the active carbon atom of the compound to a carbonyl group of the impurity to form an intermediate followed by a dehydration reaction of the intermediate to form a product mixture comprising a water, the TPA, and an alkene; and recovering the product mixture from the reactor.

Abstract: A method of reducing the formation of an impurity in a terephthalic acid (TPA) production process includes: combining in a reactor, a catalyst, a mixture comprising the impurity and the TPA, and a compound comprising an active carbon atom; reacting the impurity with the compound in the presence of the catalyst by a condensation-dehydration reaction process comprising a nucleophilic addition of the active carbon atom of the compound to a carbonyl group of the impurity to form an intermediate followed by a dehydration reaction of the intermediate to form a product mixture comprising a water, the TPA, and an alkene; and recovering the product mixture from the reactor.

Abstract: A process for producing terephthalic acid, comprising: passing a feed stream through a catalytic reactor wherein the feed stream comprises p-xylene; contacting the feed stream with a catalyst within the catalytic reactor to produce an oxidation reaction wherein the catalyst comprises, less than or equal to 10% of a metal component wherein the metal component comprises cobalt ions, manganese ions, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing, less than or equal to 15% bromide ions, and less than or equal to 2% silver ions; and producing a product stream comprising terephthalic acid, wherein the product stream exits the catalytic reactor.

Abstract: A method of removing an aromatic carboxy-aldehyde from an aromatic acid or the corresponding anhydride includes reacting a hydroxylamine-containing compound with the aromatic carboxy-aldehyde to form a reaction mixture including the corresponding nitrone. A phthalic acid or corresponding anhydride prepared according to the method is also described herein. A method for the manufacture of a phenyl dicarboxylic acid includes oxidizing a xylene to provide a stream including the phenyl dicarboxylic acid and the corresponding carboxybenzaldehyde and toluic acid contaminants, reacting a hydroxylamine-containing compound with the carboxybenzaldehyde in the stream to form a reaction mixture including the corresponding nitrone, wherein the nitrone is water soluble, and crystallizing the phenyl dicarboxylic acid or the corresponding anhydride from water to provide the purified phenyl dicarboxylic acid or the corresponding anhydride.

Abstract: A method of purifying a stream having an aromatic carboxy-aldehyde and an aromatic acid or the corresponding anhydride is described. The method includes reacting a hydroxylamine-containing compound with the aromatic carboxy-aldehyde in the stream to form a reaction mixture including the corresponding nitrone; adding an aqueous solvent to the reaction mixture, in an amount and under conditions effective to solubilize the nitrone but not the organic acid or the corresponding anhydride; and separating the solubilized nitrone from the non-solubilized organic acid. The nitrone is a water soluble nitrone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metallocene complex according to formula (1) wherein M is a metal selected from lanthanides or transition metals from group 3, 4, 5 or 6 of the Periodic System of the Elements, Q is an anionic ligand to M, k is the number of Q groups and equals the valence of M minus 2, Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 are identical or different and can be chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen and a hydrocarbon radical with 1-20 carbon atoms, and adjacent substituents Z can form a ring system together with the carbon atoms of the Cp ring to which they are bound.

Abstract: A metallocene complex according to formula 1 wherein M is a metal selected from lanthanides or transition metals from group 3, 4, 5, or 6, Q is an anionic ligand to M, k is the number of Q groups and equals the valence of M minus 2, X is a cyclic bridging group that is bonded to a carbon atom of the cyclopentadienyl ligand and to nitrogen, Z1, and Z4 are hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical with 1-20 carbon atoms; adjacent substituents Z2 and Z3 and are connected to form an indenyl or tetrahydroindenyl ring system and R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical with 1-20 carbon atoms. Also described is a composition comprising the metallocene complex, a process for the preparation of the complex, and a process for the polymerization of olefin polymers in the presence of the metallocene complex.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metallocene complex according to formula (1) wherein M is a metal selected from lanthanides or transition metals from group 3, 4, 5 or 6 of the Periodic System of the Elements, Q is an anionic ligand to M, k is the number of Q groups and equals the valence of M minus 2, Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 are identical or different and can be chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen and a hydrocarbon radical with 1-20 carbon atoms, and adjacent substituents Z can form a ring system together with the carbon atoms of the Cp ring to which they are bound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metallocene complex according to formula (1) wherein M is a metal selected from lanthanides or transition metals from group 3, 4, 5 or 6 of the Periodic System of the Elements, Q is an anionic ligand to M, k is the number of Q groups and equals the valence of M minus 2, Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 are identical or different and can be chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen and a hydrocarbon radical with 1-20 carbon atoms, and adjacent substituents Z can form a ring system together with the carbon atoms of the Cp ring to which they are bound.

Abstract: A metallocene complex according to formula 1 wherein M is a metal selected from lanthanides or transition metals from group 3, 4, 5, or 6, Q is an anionic ligand to M, k is the number of Q groups and equals the valence of M minus 2, X is a cyclic bridging group that is bonded to a carbon atom of the cyclopentadienyl ligand and to nitrogen, Z1, and Z4 are hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical with 1-20 carbon atoms; adjacent substituents Z2 and Z3 and are connected to form an indenyl or tetrahydroindenyl ring system and R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical with 1-20 carbon atoms. Also described is a composition comprising the metallocene complex, a process for the preparation of the complex, and a process for the polymerization of olefin polymers in the presence of the metallocene complex.

Abstract: A luminescent solar collector contains a first fluorescent dye and a dye compound of Formula (I) or (II): where R, R?, m, and k are as described herein. The luminescent solar collector has improved output.

Abstract: Disclosed are fluorescent dye compounds of Formula (I): wherein R1, R2, and G are as described herein. The fluorescent dyes are suitable for use in luminescent solar collectors or as a colorant. Methods of making the fluorescent dyes and luminescent solar collectors comprising them are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed are fluorescent dye compounds of Formula (I) or (II): where R, R?, m and k are as described herein. The dye compounds are suitable for use in luminescent solar collectors. Methods of making the dye compounds and luminescent solar collectors comprising them are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed are fluorescent dye compounds of Formula (I) or (II): where R, R?, m and k are as described herein. The dye compounds are suitable for use in luminescent solar collectors. Methods of making the dye compounds and luminescent solar collectors comprising them are also described.

Abstract: A luminescent solar collector contains a first fluorescent dye and a dye compound of Formula (I) or (II): where R, R?, m, and k are as described herein. The luminescent solar collector has improved output.

Abstract: Disclosed are fluorescent dye compounds of Formula (I): wherein R1, R2, and G are as described herein. The fluorescent dyes are suitable for use in luminescent solar collectors or as a colorant. Methods of making the fluorescent dyes and luminescent solar collectors comprising them are also described.