Abstract: Secondary batteries and methods of manufacture thereof are provided. A secondary battery can comprise an offset between electrode and counter-electrode layers in a unit cell. Secondary batteries can be prepared by removing a population of negative electrode subunits from a negative electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet comprising a negative electrode sheet edge margin and at least one negative electrode sheet weakened region that is internal to the negative electrode sheet edge margin, removing a population of separator layer subunits from a separator sheet, and removing a population of positive electrode subunits from a positive electrode sheet, the positive electrode sheet comprising a positive electrode edge margin and at least one positive electrode sheet weakened region that is internal to the positive electrode sheet edge margin, and stacking members of the negative electrode subunit population, the separator layer subunit population and the positive electrode subunit population.

Abstract: Secondary batteries and methods of manufacture thereof are provided. A secondary battery can comprise an offset between electrode and counter-electrode layers in a unit cell. Secondary batteries can be prepared by removing a population of negative electrode subunits from a negative electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet comprising a negative electrode sheet edge margin and at least one negative electrode sheet weakened region that is internal to the negative electrode sheet edge margin, removing a population of separator layer subunits from a separator sheet, and removing a population of positive electrode subunits from a positive electrode sheet, the positive electrode sheet comprising a positive electrode edge margin and at least one positive electrode sheet weakened region that is internal to the positive electrode sheet edge margin, and stacking members of the negative electrode subunit population, the separator layer subunit population and the positive electrode subunit population.

Abstract: Embodiments of secondary batteries having electrode assemblies are provided. A secondary battery can comprise an electrode assembly having a stacked series of layers, the stacked series of layers having an offset between electrode and counter-electrode layers in a unit cell member of the stacked series. A set of constraints can be provided with a primary constraint system with first and second primary growth constraints separated from each other in a longitudinal direction, and connected by at least one primary connecting member, and a secondary constraint system comprises first and second secondary growth constraints separated in a second direction and connected by members of the stacked series of layers. The primary constraint system may at least partially restrain growth of the electrode assembly in the longitudinal direction, and the secondary constraint system may at least partially restrain growth in the second direction that is orthogonal to the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for manufacturing an electrode for use in a device such as a secondary battery. Electrodes may include a first layer having first active particles adhered together by a binder, a second layer having second active particles adhered together by a binder, and an interphase layer interposed between the first and second layers. In some examples, the interphase layer may include an interpenetration of the first and second particles, such that substantially discrete fingers of the first layer interlock with substantially discrete fingers of the second layer.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method for the preparation of an electrode assembly, include removing a population of negative electrode subunits from a negative electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet comprising a negative electrode sheet edge margin and at least one negative electrode sheet weakened region that is internal to the negative electrode sheet edge margin, removing a population of separator layer subunits from a separator sheet, and removing a population of positive electrode subunits from a positive electrode sheet, the positive electrode sheet comprising a positive electrode edge margin and at least one positive electrode sheet weakened region that is internal to the positive electrode sheet edge margin, and stacking members of the negative electrode subunit population, the separator layer subunit population and the positive electrode subunit population in a stacking direction to form a stacked population of unit cells.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for manufacturing an electrode for use in a device such as a secondary battery. Electrodes may include a first layer having first active particles adhered together by a binder, a second layer having second active particles adhered together by a binder, and an interphase layer interposed between the first and second layers. In some examples, the interphase layer may include an interpenetration of the first and second particles, such that substantially discrete fingers of the first layer interlock with substantially discrete fingers of the second layer.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells of the present disclosure may include one or more multilayered electrodes. Each multilayered electrode may be configured such that active materials of the layer closest to the current collector have a lower energy to lithiate per mole, a higher energy to delithiate per mole, a different solid state diffusivity, and/or a different average particle size. This arrangement counteracts, for example, natural gradient fields and undesirable polarization found in standard lithium-ion batteries.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for manufacturing an electrode for use in a device such as a secondary battery. Electrodes may include a first layer having first active particles adhered together by a binder, a second layer having second active particles adhered together by a binder, and an interphase layer interposed between the first and second layers. In some examples, the interphase layer may include an interpenetration of the first and second particles, such that substantially discrete fingers of the first layer interlock with substantially discrete fingers of the second layer.

Abstract: An electrode for use in a device such as a secondary battery may include a first layer having first active particles adhered together by a binder, a second layer having second active particles adhered together by a binder, and an interphase layer interposed between the first and second layers. In some examples, the interphase layer may include an interpenetration of the first and second particles, such that substantially discrete fingers of the first layer interlock with substantially discrete fingers of the second layer.

Abstract: An electrode for use in a device such as a secondary battery may include a first layer having first active particles adhered together by a binder, a second layer having second active particles adhered together by a binder, and an interphase layer interposed between the first and second layers. In some examples, the interphase layer may include an interpenetration of the first and second particles, such that substantially discrete fingers of the first layer interlock with substantially discrete fingers of the second layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to methods of protecting a surface (e.g., a metal surface) from corrosion by conformably attaching a hybrid device comprising at least one multilayer energy storage device and at least one energy conversion device.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to methods of forming electrodes on a surface. In some embodiments, the formed electrodes have a three-dimensional current collector layer. In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to the formed electrodes. In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to energy storage devices that contain the formed electrodes.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to methods of forming electrodes on a surface. In some embodiments, the formed electrodes have a three-dimensional current collector layer. In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to the formed electrodes. In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to energy storage devices that contain the formed electrodes.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to methods of protecting a surface (e.g., a metal surface) from corrosion by conformably attaching a hybrid device comprising at least one multilayer energy storage device and at least one energy conversion device.

Abstract: The present invention provides additive manufacturing methods of forming multilayer energy storage devices on a surface by formulating all components of the multilayer energy storage device into liquid compositions and: (1) applying a first liquid current collector composition above the surface to form a first current collector layer above the surface; (2) applying a first liquid electrode composition above the first current collector layer to form a first electrode layer above the first current collector layer; (3) applying a liquid electrically insulating composition above the first electrode layer to form an electrically insulating layer above the first electrode layer; (4) applying a second liquid electrode composition above the electrically insulating layer to form a second electrode layer above the electrically insulating layer; and (5) applying a second liquid current collector composition above the second electrode layer to form a second current collector layer above the second electrode layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel beta glucosidase and a process for extraction of a beta-glucosidase from Rauvolfia serpentine useful for the cleaving of beta-1,4 linkage of PNPG and to convert other gluco-conjugates such as strictosidine and raucaffricine into their corresponding aglycon such as vomilenine, commercially through immobilizing the enzyme. The ? glucosidase enzyme has shown maximum activity in the acid pH range, with high optimum temperature using PNPG as substrate. The crude enzyme, when stored at 4° C., was quite stable for 6 days with 50% loss of activity. The enzyme was activated in presence of FeSO4 in the assay mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process of analytical and quantitative isolation of withaferin-A from Withania somnifera (Sanskrit: Ashwagandha, English: winter cherry) and other plants and products therefrom, said method comprising steps of selecting most appropriate extraction medium composition, with extraction solvent system consisting of a defined admixture of water and alcohol in a range of proportion of alcohol within a narrow range of (methanol, ethanol etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for profiling of protein extract from hyper-acidic aerial parts of plant Scented Geranium (Pelargonium sp.), said method comprising steps of selecting effective extraction medium, with extraction medium consisting of 0.2 M sodium carbonate increasing percentage extract by about 600%, selecting effective medium to determine polypeptide pattern in said extract, with polypeptide pattern medium consisting of Sodium Carbonate ranging between 0.2 to 0.4 M, and 0.2 M Sodium Carbonate along with 50% dimethylsulfoxide, selecting effective media to determine enzyme multimolecular forms in said extract, with enzyme multimolecular forms media consisting of 0.2 M Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.5, and optionally 50% dimethylsulfoxide; Sodium Carbonate at concentration ranging between 0.2 to 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for profiling of protein extract from hyper-acidic aerial parts of plant Scented Geranium (Pelargonium sp.), said method comprising steps of selecting effective extraction medium, with extraction medium consisting of 0.2 M sodium carbonate increasing percentage extract by about 600%, selecting effective medium to determine polypeptide pattern in said extract, with polypeptide pattern medium consisting of Sodium Carbonate ranging between 0.2 to 0.4M, and 0.2 M Sodium Carbonate along with 50% dimethylsulfoxide, selecting effective media to determine enzyme multimolecular forms in said extract, with enzyme multimolecular forms media consisting of 0.2M Tris-HCl buffer at pH 7.5, and optionally 50% dimethylsulfoxide; Sodium Carbonate at concentration ranging between 0.2 to 0.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the induction of normal rooting on nodal and internodal stem segments without using hormones and/or other chemical treatments in Mentha species, which comprises oblique excision of shoots of Mentha species from the plants, immediately dipping the cut end of twigs or stems into water and keeping in complete dark for up to one week with by varying the temperature cycle for each set of 24 hours duration of the treatment.