Abstract: A reductant insertion system for inserting reductant into an aftertreatment system via a reductant injector comprises a reductant insertion assembly comprising a pump operatively coupled to the reductant injector via a reductant delivery line. A compressed gas source is operatively coupled to the reductant injector and provides a compressed gas to the reductant injector for gas assisted delivery of the reductant. A controller is operatively coupled to the compressed gas source and the reductant insertion assembly and configured to determine whether there is a reductant demand for the reductant. In response to there being no reductant demand, the controller stops the pump and activates the compressed gas source for a predetermined time so as to provide compressed gas to the reductant injector at a pressure sufficient to force reductant contained in the reductant injector upstream towards the reductant insertion assembly via the reductant delivery line while the pump is stopped.

Abstract: A reductant insertion system for inserting reductant into an aftertreatment system via a reductant injector comprises a reductant insertion assembly comprising a pump operatively coupled to the reductant injector via a reductant delivery line. A compressed gas source is operatively coupled to the reductant injector and provides a compressed gas to the reductant injector for gas assisted delivery of the reductant. A controller is operatively coupled to the compressed gas source and the reductant insertion assembly and configured to determine whether there is a reductant demand for the reductant. In response to there being no reductant demand, the controller stops the pump and activates the compressed gas source for a predetermined time so as to provide compressed gas to the reductant injector at a pressure sufficient to force reductant contained in the reductant injector upstream towards the reductant insertion assembly via the reductant delivery line while the pump is stopped.

Abstract: A method includes providing first and second half-pipe sections. Each of the first and second half-pipe sections includes a first curved portion and defines a first outer edge length. Third and fourth half-pipe sections are provided. Each of the third and fourth half-pipe sections includes a second curved portion and defines a second outer edge length. The second outer edge length is longer than the first outer edge length. The first half-pipe section is welded to the third half-pipe section so as to form a first half-pipe subassembly. The second half-pipe section is welded to the fourth half-pipe section so as to form a second half-pipe subassembly. The first half-pipe subassembly is welded to the second half-pipe subassembly so as to form an exhaust tube section.

Abstract: A computer implemented method and an apparatus for determining user browsing behavior are provided. One or more web pages corresponding to a web domain are configured by associating the one or more web pages with tags. A control file is downloaded on a user device when a first web page access by a user to a tagged web page from among the one or more tagged web pages is detected. The control file facilitates recording of user activity related to a web domain on one or more tabs of a web browser associated with the user device. Recorded user activity corresponding to at least one web browsing session is received and user browsing behavior is determined based on the recorded user activity.

Abstract: A computer implemented method and an apparatus for determining user browsing behavior are provided. The method comprises associating one or more web pages corresponding to a web domain with tags to configure one or more tagged web pages. The method further comprises facilitating downloading of a control file on a user device upon detecting a first web page access event corresponding to a tagged web page from among the one or more tagged web pages. The control file is configured to facilitate recording of user activity related to a web domain on one or more tabs of a web browser associated with the user device. Furthermore, the method comprises receiving recorded user activity corresponding to at least one web browsing session and determining a user browsing behavior based on the recorded user activity.