Abstract: A sensor for the detection of an analyte in a fluid includes an electrode having a detection surface, a polydopamine layer adhered to the electrode detection surface; and optionally a receptor chemically functionalized to the polydopamine of the detection surface of the electrode. The receptor selectively binds to the analyte of interest and the analyte once bound is detectable by measuring the change of capacitance of the electrode.

Abstract: A sensor for the detection of an analyte in a fluid includes an electrode having a detection surface, a polydopamine layer adhered to the electrode detection surface; and optionally a receptor chemically functionalized to the polydopamine of the detection surface of the electrode. The receptor selectively binds to the analyte of interest and the analyte once bound is detectable by measuring the change of capacitance of the electrode.

Abstract: Methods for recombinant production of vanillin and compositions containing vanillin are provided by this invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to combinatorial gene expression libraries and methods for making these. Such libraries are useful in discovery of novel and/or enhanced metabolic pathways leading to the production of novel compounds for e.g., drug discovery and/or to the prosecution of known compounds in novel quantities or in novel compartments of the cells. The expression libraries in particular are composed of host cells capable of co-ordinated and controllable expression of large numbers of heterologous genes in the host cells.

Abstract: In the present invention are disclosed concatemers of concatenated expression cassettes and vectors that enable the synthesis of such concatemers. The concatemer comprises in the 5??3? direction a cassette of nucleotide sequence of the general formula [rs2-SP-PR-X-TR-SP-rs1]n wherein rs1 and rs2 together denote a functional restriction site, SP individually denotes a spacer of at least two nucleotide bases, PR denotes a promoter, capable of functioning in a cell, X denotes an expressible nucleotide sequence, TR denotes a terminator, and SP individually denotes a spacer of at least two nucleotide bases, and n>/=2, and wherein at least a first cassette is different from a second cassette. The main purpose of these concatemers is the controllable and co-ordinated expression of large numbers of heterologous genes in a single host. Furthermore, the invention relates to a concatemer of cassettes of nucleotide sequences and a method for preparing the concatemers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to combinatorial gene expression libraries and methods for making these. Such libraries are useful in discovery of novel and/or enhanced metabolic pathways leading to the production of novel compounds for e.g drug discovery and/or to the production of known compounds in novel quantities or in novel compartments of the cells. The expression libraries in particular are composed of host cells capable of co-ordinated and controllable expression of large numbers of heterologous genes in the host cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of mixing large numbers of heterologous genes, which are located on artificial chromsomes. The methods of the present invention are useful for evolution of cells and whole genomes to acquire new functionality(ies), such as the ability to synthesise novel secondary metabolites and/or the evolution of novel metabolic pathways. In particular the methods may involve mating or fusing two populations of cells, each population comprising different combinations of heterologous genes. Subsequently, desirable cells may be selected. In embodiments of the invention the heterologous genes are comprised within expression cassettes. The expression cassette can be in the form of a concatermer, and can be cut out using a restriction enzyme in order to make new combinations of expression cassettes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lock cylinder assembly (10) comprising a cylinder housing (12); a cylinder (14); a first electromagnetic coil (48); a first locking member (52); and a key. The cylinder (14) is rotatable in the cylinder housing (12) and the first locking member (52) is urged by a first magnetic field towards a locked position in which rotation of the cylinder (14) is prevented. In use, when the first electromagnetic coil (48) is energised upon the use of the key, a second magnetic field created thereby causes the at least one locking member (52) to move out of the locked position so as to allow said cylinder (14) to be rotated in the cylinder housing (12).

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of selecting cells producing compounds that fulfil at least 2 predetermined functionalities. The invention primarily focuses on methods for screening of cells for two or more functionalities related to small molecules generated by host cells with novel gene assemblies. The methods in one aspect of the invention are combined with methods for evolution of cells to acquire at least two predetermined functionalities related to small molecules. Furthermore, the invention relates to methods for generation of lead compounds that are selected for a primary function and at least one further secondary function. The methods according to the invention may in particular be used in high troughput screening.

Abstract: The present invention relates to evolution of a cell or a composition of cells having a desired property or functionally. The principle behind the evolution of cells according to the invention is to produce a great diversity of genes in each cell subjected to evolution and a great diversity of genes among the cells in a composition according to the invention and to exchange the genes between the cells from time to time. In preferred embodiments the genes are arranged in expression cassettes in concatemers in the cells, as well as in artificial chromosomes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to combinatorial gene expression libraries and methods for making these. The library comprises a collection of individual cells, the cells being denoted cell1,cell2 . . . , cell, wherein i>2, each cell comprising at least one concatemer of individual oligonucleotide cassettes, each concatemer comprising a nucleotide sequence of the following formula: (rs2-SP-PR-X-TR-SP-rs1) n wherein rs1 and rs2 together denote a restriction site, SP denotes a spacer of at least two bases, X denotes an expressible nucleotide sequence, PR denotes a promoter, capable of regulating the expression of X in the cell, TR denotes a terminator, and n 2, and wherein at least one concatemer of cell1 is different from a concatemer cell2. Such libraries are useful in discovery of novel and/or enhanced metabolic pathways leading to the production of novel compounds for e.g. drug discovery and/or to the production of known compounds in novel quantities or in novel compartments of the cells.

Abstract: The invention features a method for identifying a gene associated with a desired phenotype. This method includes the steps of: (a) providing a plurality of cell cultures that include plant, animal, or fungal cells capable of exhibiting a desired phenotype; (b) contacting each of at least a subset of said cells with a stimulus that (i) induces said cells to exhibit the phenotype, or (ii) does not induce said cell cultures to exhibit the phenotype; (c) determining the presence of the phenotype in the cell cultures of step (b); and (d) identifying a gene having increased expression in response to stimuli that induce the phenotype but do not have increased expression in response to stimuli that do not induce the phenotype.

Abstract: The invention features a method for identifying a gene associated with a desired phenotype. This method includes the steps of: (a) providing a plurality of cell cultures that include plant, animal, or fungal cells capable of exhibiting a desired phenotype; (b) contacting each of at least a subset of said cells with a stimulus that (i) induces said cells to exhibit the phenotype, or (ii) does not induce said cell cultures to exhibit the phenotype; (c) determining the presence of the phenotype in the cell cultures of step (b); and (d) identifying a gene having increased expression in response to stimuli that induce the phenotype but do not have increased expression in response to stimuli that do not induce the phenotype.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lock cylinder assembly (10) comprising a cylinder housing (12); a cylinder (14); a first electromagnetic coil (48); a first locking member (52); and a key. The cylinder (14) is rotatable in said cylinder housing (12) and the first locking member (52) is urged by a first magnetic field towards a locked position in which rotation of the cylinder (14) is prevented.