Abstract: Devices and methods for safely using acid/chlorite ClO2 generator chemistry for water treatment, whereby a valve prevents chemical draw unless there is both vacuum within the reaction chamber as well as suitable water volume in the flow chamber for dilution, are described. The float-dependent valve can also allow for direct venting from the reaction chamber to the flow chamber in the event of elevated pressure in the reaction chamber. This approach delivers an inherently safer ClO2 generator design for systems that utilize high strength reactor zones with ClO2 concentration above 3,000 ppm.

Abstract: Devices and methods for safely using acid/chlorite ClO2 generator chemistry for water treatment, whereby a valve prevents chemical draw unless there is both vacuum within the reaction chamber as well as suitable water volume in the flow chamber for dilution, are described. The float-dependent valve can also allow for direct venting from the reaction chamber to the flow chamber in the event of elevated pressure in the reaction chamber. This approach delivers an inherently safer ClO2 generator design for systems that utilize high strength reactor zones with ClO2 concentration above 3,000 ppm.

Abstract: A method for treating water with chlorine dioxide wherein the reactor is contained inside of the water supply line being treated and an eductor is used to draw in the chemical precursors. The method offers facilitated chlorine dioxide (ClO 2) generation and safer operation over wider ClO2 mass flow capacity, thus offering a more adaptable system for CLO2 treatments. Noise reduction and ease-of-use versus traditional eductor-based ClO2 generators are additional benefits from using this method.

Abstract: A connecting structure for connecting a first member in fluid flow connection with a second member may include a receptacle structure provided on the first member and having an interior chamber and an opening into the interior chamber in which a needle and a pierceable member surrounding a piercing end of the needle may be supported. The second member may include a connection portion that has a septum supported in an interior chamber having a size and shape suitable to be received at least partially into the opening of the receptacle structure upon moving the first member and the second member together to push the pierceable member toward the piercing end of the needle to cause the piercing end of the needle to pierce the pierceable member and the septum to come into fluid flow communication with the interior chamber of the connection portion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nonflammable refrigerant composition consisting of pentafluoroethane in an amount from 62% to 67% based on the weight of the composition, a second component that is selected from 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, and mixtures thereof in an amount from 26% to 36% by weight; and an ethylenically unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon compound that is at least 70% isobutane in an amount of from 1% to 4% by weight and up to 5% by weight based on the weight of the composition of another flurohydrocarbon. The composition optionally may further include at least one additive, lubricant or combination thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nonflammable refrigerant composition consisting of pentafluoroethane in an amount from 62% to 67% based on the weight of the composition, a second component that is selected from 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, and mixtures thereof in an amount from 26% to 36% by weight; and an ethylenically unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon compound that is at least 70% isobutane in an amount of from 1% to 4% by weight and up to 5% by weight based on the weight of the composition of another fluorohydrocarbon. The composition optionally may further include at least one additive, lubricant or combination thereof.

Abstract: A connecting structure for connecting a first member in fluid flow connection with a second member may include a receptacle structure provided on the first member and having an interior chamber and an opening into the interior chamber in which a needle and a pierceable member surrounding a piercing end of the needle may be supported. The second member may include a connection portion that has a septum supported in an interior chamber having a size and shape suitable to be received at least partially into the opening of the receptacle structure upon moving the first member and the second member together to push the pierceable member toward the piercing end of the needle to cause the piercing end of the needle to pierce the pierceable member and the septum to come into fluid flow communication with the interior chamber of the connection portion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nonflammable refrigerant composition consisting of pentafluoroethane in an amount from 62% to 67% based on the weight of the composition, a second component that is selected from 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, and mixtures thereof in an amount from 26% to 36% by weight; and an ethylenically unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon compound that is at least 70% isobutane in an amount of from 1% to 4% by weight and up to 5% by weight based on the weight of the composition of another fluorohydrocarbon. The composition optionally may further include at least one additive, lubricant or combination thereof.

Abstract: Refrigerant composition are disclosed which comprises: (a) pentafluoroethane, trifluoromethoxydifluoromethane or hexafluorocyclopropane, or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of at least 75% based on the weight of the composition, (b) 1,1,1,2- or 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, trifluoromethoxypentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of from 10 to 20% by weight based on the weight of the composition and (c) an ethylenically unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon, optionally containing one or more oxygen atoms, with a boiling point from ?50° C. to +35° C., or a mixture thereof in an amount from 1% to 4% by weight based on the weight of the composition the weight ratio of component (a):component (b) being at least 4:1.

Abstract: Refrigerant composition are disclosed which comprises: (a) pentafluoroethane, trifluoromethoxydifluoromethane or hexafluorocyclopropane, or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of at least 75% based on the weight of the composition, (b) 1,1,1,2- or 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, trifluoromethoxypentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of from 10 to 20% by weight based on the weight of the composition and (c) an ethylenically unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon, optionally containing one or more oxygen atoms, with a boiling point from ?50° C. to +35° C., or a mixture thereof in an amount from 1% to 4% by weight based on the weight of the composition the weight ratio of component (a):component (b) being at least 4:1.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nonflammable refrigerant composition consisting of pentafluoroethane in an amount from 62% to 67% based on the weight of the composition, a second component that is selected from 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, and mixtures thereof in an amount from 26% to 36% by weight; and an ethylenically unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon compound that is at least 70% isobutane in an amount of from 1% to 4% by weight and up to 5% by weight based on the weight of the composition of another fluorohydrocarbon. The composition optionally may further include at least one additive, lubricant or combination thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a non-flammable refrigerant composition consisting of pentafluoroethane in an amount from 62% to 67% based on the weight of the composition; a second component selected from 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, and mixtures thereof in an amount from 26% to 36% by weight based on the weight of the composition; and an ethylenically unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon compound that is at least 80% isobutane in an amount of from 3% to 4% by weight of the composition. Optionally, the composition may include at least one lubricant, at least one additive or combinations thereof.

Abstract: A heat transfer system capable of being coupled to at least one temperature controlled zone, the elements of the system comprising: (i) at least one liquid refrigerant line; (ii) at least one expansion valve selected for R22 or R422D; (iii) at least one evaporator (iv) at least one compressor; (v) at least one condenser; (vi) at least one vapor refrigerant line; and wherein all of the elements have an inlet side and an outlet side and elements (i) through (vi) are in fluid communication together and contains R422D; and the system further comprising a sensing element communicatively coupled to the outlet side of at least one evaporator and at least one expansion valve and at least one sensing element contains a fluid selected to work when R22 is in the condenser-to-evaporator circuit, or R422D. Further disclosed are methods for retrofitting R22 containing heat transfer systems, including refrigerators and air conditioners. Also disclosed are refrigerators and air conditioners containing only R422D.

Abstract: Refrigerant composition are disclosed which comprises: (a) pentafluoroethane, trifluoromethoxydifluoromethane or hexafluorocyclopropane, or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of at least 75% based on the weight of the composition, (b) 1,1,1,2- or 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, trifluoromethoxypentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of from 10 to 20% by weight based on the weight of the composition and (c) an ethylenically unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon, optionally containing one or more oxygen atoms, with a boiling point from ?50° C. to +35° C., or a mixture thereof in an amount from 1% to 4% by weight based on the weight of the composition the weight ratio of component (a): component (b) being at least 4:1.

Abstract: Disclosed is a non-flammable refrigerant composition consisting of pentafluoroethane in an amount from 62-70% based on the weight of the composition selected from 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, or a mixture thereof in an amount from 26 to 36% by weight based on the weight of the composition and mixture of dimethyether and n-butane in an amount of from 1-4% by weight based on the weight of the composition. Optionally, the composition may include at least one lubricant, at least one additive or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a non-flammable refrigerant composition consisting of pentafluoroethane in an amount from 62-70% based on the weight of the composition selected from 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, or a mixture thereof in an amount from 26 to 36% by weight based on the weight of the composition and mixture of dimethyether and n-butane in an amount of from 1-4% by weight based on the weight of the composition. Optionally, the composition may include at least one lubricant, at least one additive or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nonflammable refrigerant composition consisting of pentafluoroethane in an amount from 62% to 67% based on the weight of the composition, a second component that is selected from 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, and mixtures thereof in an amount from 26% to 36% by weight; and an ethylenically unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon compound that is at least 70% isobutane in an amount of from 1% to 4% by weight and up to 5% by weight based on the weight of the composition of another fluorohydrocarbon. The composition optionally may further include at least one additive, lubricant or combination thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a non-flammable refrigerant composition consisting of pentafluoroethane in an amount from 62% to 67% based on the weight of the composition; a second component selected from 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, and mixtures thereof in an amount from 26% to 36% by weight based on the weight of the composition; and an ethylenically unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon compound that is at least 80% isobutane in an amount of from 3% to 4% by weight of the composition. Optionally, the composition may include at least one lubricant, at least one additive or combinations thereof.

Abstract: Refrigerant composition are disclosed which comprises: (a) pentafluoroethane, trifluoromethoxydifluoromethane or hexafluorocyclopropane, or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of at least 75% based on the weight of the composition, (b) 1,1,1,2- or 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, trifluoromethoxypentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of from 10 to 20% by weight based on the weight of the composition and (c) an ethylenically unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon, optionally containing one or more oxygen atoms, with a boiling point from ?50° C. to +35° C., or a mixture thereof in an amount from 1% to 4% by weight based on the weight of the composition the weight ratio of component (a):component (b) being at least 4:1.

Abstract: Refrigerant composition is disclosed which comprises: (a) pentafluoroethane, trifluoromethoxydifluoromethane or hexafluorocyclopropane, or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of at least 75% based on the weight of the composition, (b) 1,1,1,2- or 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, trifluoromethoxypentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane or a mixture of two or more thereof, in an amount of from 10 to 20% by weight based on the weight of the composition and (c) and ethylenically unsaturated or saturated hydrocarbon, optionally containing one or more oxygen atoms, with a boiling point from ?50° C. to +35° C., or a mixture thereof in an amount from 1% to 4% by weight based on the weight of the composition, the weight ratio of component (a): component (b) being at least 4:1.