Abstract: A porous wall through which a flow of gas is established forming a layer supporting a liquid mass is strengthened partly to stiffen it and partly to control the shape of the lower surface of the supported liquid. Chambers containing different pressures can be formed, and possibly, separated by some of these strengthening parts to improve the equalisation by reducing the pressure at the center. Finally, capillaries may pass through the plate to measure the pressure or provide additional equalisation of the thickness of the layer by a suction device.

Abstract: A porous wall (62) through which a flow of gas is established forming a layer (18) supporting a liquid mass (17) is strengthened (63, 64) partly to stiffen it and partly to control the shape of the lower surface of the supported liquid (17). Chambers containing different pressures (67, 68) can be formed and, possibly, separated by some (63) of these strengthening parts to improve the equalisation by reducing the pressure at the centre; finally, capillaries (70) may pass through the plate (62) to measure the pressure or provide additional equalisation of the thickness of the layer by means of a suction device.

Abstract: A NMR magnetometer probe having a single resonator and a single radical solution. A single bottle contains the single radical solution. Further, a single resonator is tuned to one of the electric resonance frequencies of the solution. Such an NMR magnetometer probe may find particular application to the measurement of magnetic fields.

Abstract: Optical pumping magnetometer with controlled polarization.This magnetometer comprises a linear polarizer (16), whose orientation is controlled (42,44) in such a way that the detection signal is at a maximum, no matter what the orientation of the field to be measured.Application to the construction of isotropic magnetometers.

Abstract: A magnetometer for precise measurement of weak magnetic fields involves a system which injects a plurality of light beams into a gas containing cell. An optical multiplexer receives the light beams emitted by a source and successively supplies a plurality of light beams which traverse a corresponding number of polarizers. The beams are subsequently injected into the cell 10 in the plurality of different directions in order to optically pump the gas. A detection device detects an electrical resonance signal and supplies a plurality of signals corresponding to the optical pumping beams.

Abstract: A magnetometer having three trirectangular trihedron windings (20x, 20y, 20z) which are put into service successively by a multiplexer (50). The means frequency (F.sub.m) of the three measurement signals is independent of the orientation of the weak magnetic field which is to be measured.

Abstract: An improved optical pumping magnetometer with sequential polarization for measurement of weak magnetic fields involves a device which sequentially modifies the polarization either in the direction of the polarization or from clockwise to counterclockwise circular polarization. As a result of the sequential modification of the polarization, the magnetometer for measurement of the weak magnetic fields has excellent isotropy while still retaining a simple construction and a small overall dimension to the device by using only a single cell.

Abstract: A nuclear magnetic resonance probe incorporating at least two bottles with radical solutions, one having a positive nuclear polarization and the other a negative nuclear polarization, at least one high frequency coaxial resonator around each bottle respectively, an assembly of low frequency exciting-sampling coils. The coil assemblies are interconnected and connected to an amplifier in a loop oscillator connection. The probe comprises two blocks having a symmetry of revolution with respect to one axis and a symmetry with respect to a plane perpendicular to the axis of revolution. Each block incorporates at least one bottle having a shape of revolution about the axis and is symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry and a coaxial resonator having the same symmetries as the bottle. Each block contains the bottle, a double frequency coil of revolution about the axis and completely surrounds the resonator and the bottle.

Abstract: A coaxial resonator with a distributed tuning capacity. The resonator includes one outer conductor and one central conductor, both conductors having a symmetry of revolution around a predetermined central axis. The tuning capacitor is fully distributed along the axis of the resonator and includes at least two cylindrical armatures nested into each other and having the axis of the resonator as their central axis, one of the two armatures constituting one of the two conductors of the resonator. The coaxial resonator may find particular application for RMN magnetometer probes.

Abstract: The bottle according to the invention comprises a double wall (34, 36) defining a coaxial volume (38) corresponding to the "bubble" to be left after filling. In normal operation, the liquid is ejected from said volume and occupies the remainder of the bottle.

Abstract: A nitroxide radical of the formula (I) or (II): ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are independently chosen from among the optionally deuterated alkyl, alkoxyl, dialkylaminyl and phenyl radicals, H, D or Cl; R.sub.3, R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 are independently chosen from among the optionally deuterated alkyl, alkoxyl and phenyl radicals; R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are independently chosen from among the optionally deuterated alkyl, alkoxyl, dialkylaminyl and phenyl radicals, COOH, OH, OD, H, D, a halogen, COOR (in which R is an alkyl radical); R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 are independently chosen from among optionally deuterated alkyl, alkoxyl, dialkylaminyl and phenyl radicals, COOH, OH, OD, H, D, a halogen, COOR (in which R is an alkyl radical) or represent an oxygen atom linked with the cycle of the radical by a double bond is described.

Abstract: NMR magnetometer probe with a tuneable cavity in its center and a double central cylindrical member. The tuning element of the cavity is a capacitor placed in the center of the resonant cavity between two half sections of the central conductor. This capacitor is regulatable and a magnetic being accessible through an opening. Application to the measurement of magnetic fields, particularly the geomagnetic field.