Abstract: Provided are a method for transmitting signals and corresponding terminals, and base stations, where the method for transmitting signals is performed by a terminal in a communication system. The method includes determining, whether to transmit an additional reference signal to a base station in the communication system according to information on channel conditions of the terminal; transmitting a main reference signal to the base station, where the main reference signal is used for channel estimation between the terminal and the base station; and when determining to transmit an additional reference signal to the base station, transmitting an additional reference signal to the base station according to configuration information of the additional reference signal.

Abstract: The present application provides a terminal and a base station. The terminal includes: a processing unit configured to use a neural network to map a bit sequence to be transmitted into a complex symbol sequence, wherein the neural network is configured to map the bit sequence into the complex symbol sequence within a predetermined range of a complex plane.

Abstract: A constellation rotation method is presented. The method includes: determining a statistical characteristic of a received signal of a Base Station (BS) according to a channel coefficient of one or more User Equipments (UEs), at least one of noise information and interference information, the received signal being a signal received by the BS through a physical channel from the one or more UEs; determining a constellation rotation angle of each UE according to the determined statistical characteristic of the received signal; and for each UE, rotating a constellation of a data stream of a UE according to the constellation rotation angle of the UE.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a user equipment and a base station that can be used in a wireless communication system, or a method executed by a user equipment and a base station. The user equipment in the embodiments of the present invention includes: a control unit, configured to acquire a multiple access signature, wherein the multiple access signature is determined, from a multiple access signature pool, according to activation information of the user equipment, and the activation information of the user equipment is related to the activation of the user equipment; and a sending unit, configured to use the multiple access signature to send data.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a grant-free transmission method, a user equipment, and a base station. The grant-free transmission method at a user equipment side includes: step a, sending a first multiple access signature selected by a user equipment to a base station; step b, receiving an intervention result of the base station for the user equipment; step c, determining, when the intervention result is to adopt the first multiple access signature, to adopt the first multiple access signature for data transmission; and step d, determining, when the intervention result is to adopt a second multiple access signature, to adopt the second multiple access signature for the data transmission. According to the grant-free transmission method, the user equipment, and the base station provided by the present disclosure, the collision during the grant-free transmission is avoided or reduced with less signaling overhead.

Abstract: Methods and communication apparatuses are presented for bit-to-symbol mapping. The method for bit-to-symbol mapping according to one example of the present invention includes: obtaining a plurality of base constellation maps; and mapping an input bit sequence by using the plurality of base constellation maps to generate symbols to be transmitted.

Abstract: The present application provides a data transmission method which includes: obtaining statistical characteristics of interferences; determining a total number of coding layers of multi-layer coding and a code rate and transmitting power of each coding layer according to the statistical characteristics of the interferences; processing to-be-transmitted information bits through data re-organization according to the determined total number of coding layers of the multi-layer coding to obtain information bits of each coding layer; coding the information bits of each coding layer respectively according to the determined code rate of each coding layer to obtain a coded data stream of each coding layer; processing the coded data stream of each coding layer through layer mapping and modulation according to the determined transmitting power of each coding layer to obtain a symbol stream to be transmitted; and transmitting the symbol stream to be transmitted.

Abstract: Provided are a method for transmitting signals and corresponding terminals, and base stations, where the method for transmitting signals is performed by a terminal in a communication system. The method includes determining, whether to transmit an additional reference signal to a base station in the communication system according to information on channel conditions of the terminal; transmitting a main reference signal to the base station, where the main reference signal is used for channel estimation between the terminal and the base station; and when determining to transmit an additional reference signal to the base station, transmitting an additional reference signal to the base station according to configuration information of the additional reference signal.

Abstract: Methods and communication apparatuses are presented for bit-to-symbol mapping.

Abstract: The present application provides an uplink data transmission method and a user terminal (UE) for executing the method. The method in the present application comprises: A, generating a first random number; B, determining, according to the generated first random number, whether to initiate a random access process; if the random access process is initiated, obtaining a timing advance (TA) value from a base station by means of the random access process; and if the random access process is not initiated, listening for a TA message broadcast by another UE and obtaining a TA value from the TA message; C, transmitting uplink data according to the obtained TA value; D, if the uplink data is successfully transmitted, continuing to perform E, and if the uplink data is unsuccessfully transmitted, returning to A; and E, generating a TA message according to the obtained TA value, and broadcasting the generated TA message.

Abstract: The present application provides a data transmission method which includes: obtaining statistical characteristics of interferences; determining a total number of coding layers of multi-layer coding and a code rate and transmitting power of each coding layer according to the statistical characteristics of the interferences; processing to-be-transmitted information bits through data re-organization according to the determined total number of coding layers of the multi-layer coding to obtain information bits of each coding layer; coding the information bits of each coding layer respectively according to the determined code rate of each coding layer to obtain a coded data stream of each coding layer; processing the coded data stream of each coding layer through layer mapping and modulation according to the determined transmitting power of each coding layer to obtain a symbol stream to be transmitted; and transmitting the symbol stream to be transmitted.

Abstract: A constellation rotation method is presented. The method includes: determining a statistical characteristic of a received signal of a Base Station (BS) according to a channel coefficient of one or more User Equipments (UEs), at least one of noise information and interference information, the received signal being a signal received by the BS through a physical channel from the one or more UEs; determining a constellation rotation angle of each UE according to the determined statistical characteristic of the received signal; and for each UE, rotating a constellation of a data stream of a UE according to the constellation rotation angle of the UE.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a grant-free transmission method, a user equipment, and a base station. The grant-free transmission method at a user equipment side includes: step a, sending a first multiple access signature selected by a user equipment to a base station; step b, receiving an intervention result of the base station for the user equipment; step c, determining, when the intervention result is to adopt the first multiple access signature, to adopt the first multiple access signature for data transmission; and step d, determining, when the intervention result is to adopt a second multiple access signature, to adopt the second multiple access signature for the data transmission. According to the grant-free transmission method, the user equipment, and the base station provided by the present disclosure, the collision during the grant-free transmission is avoided or reduced with less signaling overhead.

Abstract: The present application provides an uplink data transmission method and a user terminal (UE) for executing the method. The method in the present application comprises: A, generating a first random number; B, determining, according to the generated first random number, whether to initiate a random access process; if the random access process is initiated, obtaining a timing advance (TA) value from a base station by means of the random access process; and if the random access process is not initiated, listening for a TA message broadcast by another UE and obtaining a TA value from the TA message; C, transmitting uplink data according to the obtained TA value; D, if the uplink data is successfully transmitted, continuing to perform E, and if the uplink data is unsuccessfully transmitted, returning to A; and E, generating a TA message according to the obtained TA value, and broadcasting the generated TA message.

Abstract: A fibrous catalytic filter can be used for treating a fluid stream containing particulate matter. The fluid stream is contacted with fibers comprising a catalytic composition. The particulate matter deposits on the fibers and undesirable species within the fluid stream are converted into more desirable species via the catalytic action of the fibers.

Abstract: Sulfur is removed from a hydrocarbon fuel via contact with a desulfurization agent; the desulfurization agent is then regenerated (wherein sulfur is released) by exposing it to oxygen. The sulfur removal and regeneration processes each can be carried out at relatively moderate temperatures, e.g., from 300 to 600° C., and pressure, e.g., about 0.79 to about 3.5 MPa; and the desulfurization agent can include a transition metal oxide, such as molybdenum oxide. The process can also include the additional steps of cracking the hydrocarbon, separating high-boiling and low-boiling fractions from the reaction product and contacting the lower-boiling fraction with a secondary desulfurization agent.

Abstract: Sulfur is removed from a hydrocarbon fuel via contact with a desulfurization agent; the desulfurization agent is then regenerated (wherein sulfur is released) by exposing it to oxygen. The sulfur removal and regeneration processes each can be carried out at relatively moderate temperatures, e.g., from 300 to 600° C., and pressure, e.g., about 0.79 to about 3.5 MPa; and the desulfurization agent can include a transition metal oxide, such as molybdenum oxide. The process can also include the additional steps of cracking the hydrocarbon, separating high-boiling and low-boiling fractions from the reaction product and contacting the lower-boiling fraction with a secondary desulfurization agent.