Abstract: A system comprising a decoder to receive an encoded video stream including video frames including reference and non-reference frames, and decode the reference frames, a processor to receive a request from an end-user rendering device requiring a first reference frame as part of decoding the encoded video stream of the first channel from the middle of a group of pictures of the encoded video stream, wherein a second reference frame is a reference frame for the first reference frame in the received encoded video stream, an encoder to encode the decoded first reference frame yielding a re-encoded first reference frame so that decoding the re-encoded first reference frame is not dependent upon the second reference frame, and a transmitter to transmit the re-encoded first reference frame to the end-user rendering device. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

Abstract: A system comprising a decoder to receive an encoded video stream including video frames including reference and non-reference frames, and decode the reference frames, a processor to receive a request from an end-user rendering device requiring a first reference frame as part of decoding the encoded video stream of the first channel from the middle of a group of pictures of the encoded video stream, wherein a second reference frame is a reference frame for the first reference frame in the received encoded video stream, an encoder to encode the decoded first reference frame yielding a re-encoded first reference frame so that decoding the re-encoded first reference frame is not dependent upon the second reference frame, and a transmitter to transmit the re-encoded first reference frame to the end-user rendering device. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

Abstract: A device for recording at least part of a data stream including a recording module to record records divided among a plurality of segments, the records including a record for each instance of an event type of the data stream, each segment covering a range of the positions in the data stream such that different segments cover different ranges of positions in the stream, record the value of each instance, create a refresh region in each segment, the refresh region including data from the most recently recorded instance of each event type, create a plurality of links between the records to enable traversing the records in position order, and create an indexing table including an entry for each segment, the entry for each segment including the range of the positions covered by the records of the one segment. Related apparatus and method claims are also included.

Abstract: A device for recording at least part of a data stream including a recording module to record records divided among a plurality of segments, the records including a record for each instance of an event type of the data stream, each segment covering a range of the positions in the data stream such that different segments cover different ranges of positions in the stream, record the value of each instance, create a refresh region in each segment, the refresh region including data from the most recently recorded instance of each event type, create a plurality of links between the records to enable traversing the records in position order, and create an indexing table including an entry for each segment, the entry for each segment including the range of the positions covered by the records of the one segment. Related apparatus and method claims are also included.