Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to medical imaging, and more specifically to machine-learning techniques to generate enhanced fluorescence images of a subject (e.g., to aid a surgery, to aid diagnosis and treatment of diseases). The system can receive a visible-light image of the subject; identify a background area in the visible-light image by providing the visible-light image to one or more trained machine-learning models; and enhance the fluorescence medical image by suppressing a plurality of pixels in the fluorescence medical image that correspond to the identified background area in the visible-light image relative to the rest of the pixels in the fluorescence medical image.