Abstract: Metal ions are adsorbed or absorbed by a combination of a binding ligand and an ionic liquid effective to dissolve the metal complex. The ligand is preferably bound to a solid surface which is coated with the ionic liquid. This method is particularly suitable for adsorbing gaseous mercury, lead, zinc and cadmium.

Abstract: A chromatograph fabricated using microelectromechanical techniques. The chromatograph includes a first layer superimposed over a second layer. At least one micro-channel is etched into the second layer to provide the separation column of the chromatograph. The surfaces of the micro-channel are chemically activated in order to separate the components of a sample flowing through the micro-channel by bonded phase chemistry. A third layer is placed in superimposed relationship with the second layer. At least one pair of electrodes is formed to the third layer with at least a portion of the electrodes internal to the micro-channel of the second layer. The electrodes detect separated components flowing through the micro-channel and identify them by their electrical conductivity. The depth of the micro-channel is greater than the width, thereby minimizing pressure drop across the device and allowing the chromatograph to operate with a high degree of speed, sensitivity and accuracy.