Abstract: A group of technologies related to RFID reader and tag are described, including: redundant networked multimedia RFID reader, auto-ranging RFID reader, auto-planning RFID reader, smart active antenna RFID reader and novel RFID tags. These enabling technologies bring RFID reader operations into a new level of automation, capability and ease of implementation.

Abstract: An encoding apparatus and an associated decoding apparatus for a television signal having embedded viewer access control data. A program category code is inserted into a television signal by the encoding apparatus, identifying at least one attribute of program content of an associated television program. An individual viewer may preclude receipt of television programming identified by a corresponding program category code as containing a program content attribute for which the individual viewer has chosen to preclude viewing. The decoding apparatus compares the program category code embedded within a television program with a user category code indicating at least one of the attributes of programming content for which the individual user has elected to preclude receipt of television programming. Viewing of the television signal is precluded when the television signal includes a program category code corresponding to the user category code.