Abstract: A low-voltage lithium battery circuitry includes a busbar, a battery signal transmitter unit, a battery management system, and a lithium battery module connected to the battery management system through the busbar and the battery signal transmitter unit. The lithium battery module is configured to provide energy for an external load and supply power to the battery management system. The battery management system is configured to monitor electrical parameters acquired in the lithium battery module and, when any one of the electrical parameters exceeds a protection threshold range corresponding thereto, perform a protection operation.

Abstract: A method for receiving a plurality of data packets is disclosed. The method includes: receiving MAC PDUs from a source UE of the wireless network through a relay UE, a base station and directly from the source UE, wherein the MAC PDUs are composed of RLC PDUs and RLC PDU segments; demultiplexing the MAC PDUs to retrieve the RLC PDUs and the RLC PDU segments based on a header field of each MAC PDU; reordering the RLC PDUs and the RLC PDU segments and performing a duplicate detection of the RLC PDUs and the RLC PDU segments according to TSNs, wherein each TSN is included in a header field of each RLC PDU and each RLC PDU segment; and reassembling the RLC PDUs and the RLC PDU segments into RLC SDUs using information included in the header field of each RLC PDU and each RLC PDU segment.

Abstract: A method for receiving a plurality of data packets is disclosed. The method includes: receiving MAC PDUs from a source UE of the wireless network through a relay UE, a base station and directly from the source UE, wherein the MAC PDUs are composed of RLC PDUs and RLC PDU segments; demultiplexing the MAC PDUs to retrieve the RLC PDUs and the RLC PDU segments based on a header field of each MAC PDU; reordering the RLC PDUs and the RLC PDU segments and performing a duplicate detection of the RLC PDUs and the RLC PDU segments according to TSNs, wherein each TSN is included in a header field of each RLC PDU and each RLC PDU segment; and reassembling the RLC PDUs and the RLC PDU segments into RLC SDUs using information included in the header field of each RLC PDU and each RLC PDU segment.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a plurality of data packets is disclosed. The method includes: receiving one or more first medium access control (MAC) protocol data units (PDUs) which include a plurality of radio link control (RLC) PDUs intended for a destination UE from a source UE; demultiplexing the first MAC PDUs to retrieve the RLC PDUs based on a header field of each first MAC PDU; generating a plurality of RLC PDU segments from one or more of the RLC PDUs or a plurality of RRLC (Relay RLC) PDUs from all of the RLC PDUs according to one or more MAC PDU sizes, wherein the RRLC is a protocol layer between the MAC layer and the RLC layer; multiplexing the RLC PDUs and the RLC PDU segments or the RRLC PDUs into one or more second MAC PDUs; and transmitting the second MAC PDUs to the destination UE.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a plurality of data packets is disclosed. The method includes: receiving one or more first medium access control (MAC) protocol data units (PDUs) which include a plurality of radio link control (RLC) PDUs intended for a destination UE from a source UE; demultiplexing the first MAC PDUs to retrieve the RLC PDUs based on a header field of each first MAC PDU; generating a plurality of RLC PDU segments from one or more of the RLC PDUs or a plurality of RRLC (Relay RLC) PDUs from all of the RLC PDUs according to one or more MAC PDU sizes, wherein the RRLC is a protocol layer between the MAC layer and the RLC layer; multiplexing the RLC PDUs and the RLC PDU segments or the RRLC PDUs into one or more second MAC PDUs; and transmitting the second MAC PDUs to the destination UE.

Abstract: A method includes a firmware layer of a computing device receiving data input via a data input device, the received data being inaccessible by an operating system layer of the computing device, the data is to be sent to a remote server, and the firmware layer being independent of the operating system layer. The method further includes the firmware layer encrypting the received data, and the operating system layer sending the encrypted data to the remote server. A computing device includes a data input device, an operating system layer, and a firmware layer, wherein the computing device is capable of performing the method.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for salvaging blood from a patient are disclosed. A blood salvaging and/or blood processing circuit coupled to a cardiopulmonary bypass circuit, cardiotomy circuit, or directly to the patient comprises a hemocentrator for removing water, fluids, and low molecular weight solutes by ultrafiltration and a sorbent-containing plasma separator for removing a selected solute, such as heparin. A combination device for salvaging blood comprises a closed plasma chamber containing a plasma chamber solution, a hollow fiber plasma-separating membrane for receiving blood and permitting plasma to be transported therethrough into the plasma chamber solution and for refiltering the treated plasma back into the blood circuit, a selective sorbent for contacting the selected solute in the plasma and binding the selected solute, and an ultrafiltration membrane for removing water, fluids, and low molecular weight components from the plasma.