Abstract: Each of one or more unknown compounds are separated from a sample over a separation time period. Separated compounds are ionized, producing one or more compound precursor ions for each of the unknown compounds and a plurality of background precursor ions. A precursor ion mass spectrum is measured for the combined compound and background precursor ions at each time step of a plurality of time steps spread across the separation time period, producing a plurality of precursor ion mass spectra. One or more background precursor ions are selected from the plurality of precursor ion mass spectra that have a resolving power in a range below a threshold expected resolving power. A separation time is detected for an unknown compound when a decrease in an intensity measurement of the selected background precursor ions over a time period exceeds a threshold decrease in intensity with respect to time.

Abstract: A holographic image projection system for projecting an image at an acute angle onto a surface includes: a spatial light modulator (SLM) to display a hologram; an illumination system to illuminate the displayed hologram; projection optics to project light from the illuminated displayed hologram onto the surface at an acute angle form the image; and a processor having an input to receive input image data for display and an output to provide hologram data for the SLM, wherein the processor is configured to: input image data and convert this to target image data; generate from the target image data hologram data for display as a hologram on the SLM to reproduce a target image; and wherein the target image is distorted to compensate for the projection of the hologram at an acute angle to form the image.

Abstract: We describe a holographic image projection system for projecting an image at an acute angle onto a surface, the system including: a spatial light modulator (SLM) to display a hologram; an illumination system to illuminate said displayed hologram; projection optics to project light from said illuminated displayed hologram onto said surface at an acute angle form said image; and a processor having an input to receive input image data for display and an output to provide hologram data for said SLM, wherein said processor is configured to: input image data and convert this to target image data; generate from said target image data hologram data for display as a hologram on the SLM to reproduce a target image; and wherein said target image is distorted to compensate for said projection of said hologram at an acute angle to form said image.