Abstract: A method for modulation of an immune response utilizing chiral nanoparticles. The chiral nanoparticles can be synthesized from nanoparticle seed precursors using circularly polarized light. The chirality of the NPs can be measured using chirality measures such as the Osipov-Pickup-Dunmeur index, the Hausdorff chirality measure and by using circular dichroism spectra, g-factor spectra, and maximum g-factor for a specific wavelength. In-vivo tests in mice showed a 2.27-fold enhancement of immune cell maturation and 1584-fold enhancement of IgG production by L-nanoparticles versus D-nanoparticles. Both the in-vivo and in-vitro immune responses monotonically depend on the chirality, measured as g-factors, of the nanoparticles, indicating that nanoscale chirality of the nanoparticles can be used to regulate immune cell maturation.

Abstract: Methods and devices for detecting chiral properties from a sample are provided. Light may be directed towards a sample in contact with a chiral nanoparticle. Third harmonic Mie scattering (THMS) optical activity generated by the chiral nanoparticle in contact with the sample can then be detected. A device for detecting chiral properties of a sample is also contemplated that includes at least one microwell having a volume of ?about 1 microliter configured to hold a chiral nanoparticle capable of generating third harmonic Mie scattering (THMS) optical activity and a sample to be analyzed. The device includes a source of light configured to generate and direct light toward the at least one microwell containing the chiral nanoparticle and the sample and at least one detector configured to detect third harmonic Mie scattering (THMS) generated by the chiral nanoparticle in the microwell.

Abstract: A composite solid electrolyte for a solid-state electrochemical cell is provided. The electrolyte may include a plurality of aramid nanofibers, such as a branched aramid nanofiber network, an ionically conductive polymer, such as poly(ethylene oxide) or quaternary ammonia functionalized polyvinyl alcohol (QAFPVA), and an optional divalent ion salt. The electrolyte is particularly suitable for use with zinc ions, where the divalent ion salt may comprise zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate Zn(CF3SO3)2. An electrochemical cell or battery is provided incorporating such a composite solid electrolyte that cycles ions, such as zinc ions or hydroxide ions, suppresses or minimizes dendrite formation, while having good ionic conductivity and being flexible. This flexibility provides the ability to create deformations in the electrochemical cell, such as protrusions and recesses that may define a corrugated pattern.

Abstract: Material-Sensing Light Imaging, Detection, And Ranging (LIDAR) systems optionally include a laser configured to generate a light pulse, a beam steerer configured to produce a polarization-adjusted light pulse emitted towards an object, at least one polarizer configured to polarize reflected, scattered, or emitted light returned from the object, and a processor configured to detect at least one material of the object based on an intensity and polarization of the polarized reflected, scattered or emitted light from the object. The beam steerer may include a kirigami nanocomposite. Methods are also provided, including, for example, generating a light pulse, adjusting a polarization of the light pulse to produce a polarization-adjusted light pulse emitted towards an object, polarizing reflected, scattered, or emitted light returned from the object, and detecting at least one material of the object based on an intensity and polarization of the polarized reflected, scattered or emitted light from the object.

Abstract: A metamaterial shell architected on a core particle (comprising organic or inorganic material) so as to form a novel class of structurally hierarchical particle that has degrees of freedom in design parameters stemming from effective optical response of the metamaterial shell and from the electromagnetic modes in the core to elicit optical behaviours that are not easily achievable and designable in particles having simpler or smoother geometries.

Abstract: A device for radiation detection includes a first electrode, a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode, and a macroscale structure disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The macroscale structure comprises a composite arrangement of nanocrystalline particles. The nanocrystalline particles comprise a lead chalcogenide material. The nanocrystalline particles establish conductive paths between the first electrode and the second electrode without an intervening conductive polymer agent.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a conductor includes preparing an aramid nanofiber solution in which a matrix of aramid nanofibers is dispersed, preparing a dispersion of copper nanoparticles, each copper nanoparticle of the dispersion of cooper nanoparticles having an organic capping ligand attached to the copper nanoparticle, and incorporating copper nanoparticles of the dispersion of copper nanoparticles into the matrix of aramid nanofibers such that each incorporated copper nanoparticle is bonded to a respective aramid nanofiber of the matrix of aramid nanofibers via the organic capping ligand to which the copper nanoparticle is attached. The organic capping ligand may include a mercaptocarboxyiic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for injecting compounds into a vitreous body. Carbon nanotubes can be functionalized with a variety of agents, such as therapeutic agents and/or diagnostic agents, which can be injected into a vitreous body for treatment or detection of ocular tumors such as retinoblastoma. The carbon nanotubes can effectively penetrate the ocular tumor, making them effective carriers for the therapeutic and/or diagnostic agents.

Abstract: A detector includes a substrate including a matrix of aramid nanofibers, a distribution of nanoparticles across the matrix of aramid nanofibers, and a plurality of organic capping ligands. Each organic capping ligand of the plurality of organic capping ligands bonds a respective nanoparticle of the plurality of nanoparticles to a respective aramid nanofiber of the matrix of aramid nanofibers. The detector further includes first and second electrodes disposed along opposite sides of the substrate to capture charges generated by photons or particles incident upon the detector. Each nanoparticle of the plurality of nanoparticles has a semiconductor composition.

Abstract: A method for forming a ceramic-based material comprises depositing a ceramic-precursor composition comprising nanoparticles having at least one dimension less than 100 nm and an aspect ratio of 1.5 or greater, and a carrier fluid on a surface of a substrate to form an as-deposited layer of the ceramic precursor composition; and sintering the as-deposited layer of the ceramic precursor composition at a sintering temperature to form a ceramic-based material.

Abstract: Self-assembly methods are provided for making hedgehog-shaped microparticles or nanoparticles. The method may comprise combining a metal-containing (e.g., Fe, Au) precursor, a chalcogen-containing precursor (e.g., Se, S), and a self-assembly additive (e.g., dodecanethiol (DT), oleylamine (OLA), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)). At least one hedgehog-shaped nanoscale, mesoscale, or microscale particle is formed that defines a core region formed of a first material and a plurality of needles connected to and substantially orthogonal to a surface of the core region. The needles comprise a second material. At least one of the first or the second material comprises iron or gold and optionally selenium or sulfur, for example, iron diselenide (FeSe2). Hedgehog-shaped microparticles or nanoparticles formed from such self-assembly methods are also provided.

Abstract: Multidimensional Light Imaging, Detection, and Ranging (LIDAR) systems and methods optionally include a laser device configured to generate a plurality of light pulses emitted towards an object, a detector configured to receive a portion of the plurality of light pulses returned from the object, and a processor configured to generate a point cloud representing the object based on the plurality of light pulses received by the detector, the point cloud having a plurality of points, each point having a three?dimensional positional coordinate representing a location of the point on the object and having at least one additional value representing at least one of material information indicating a material of the object at the location of the point on the object or optical information indicating at least one optical characteristic of the plurality of light pulses returned from the surface of the object from the location of the point on the object.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions, systems, and methods for detecting microorganisms. In particular, provided herein are compositions, systems, and methods for rapid, multiplex detection of microorganism in unpurified biological samples.

Abstract: A composite solid electrolyte for a solid-state electrochemical cell is provided. The electrolyte may include a plurality of aramid nanofibers, such as a branched aramid nanofiber network, an ionically conductive polymer, such as poly(ethylene oxide) or quaternary ammonia functionalized polyvinyl alcohol (QAFPVA), and an optional divalent ion salt. The electrolyte is particularly suitable for use with zinc ions, where the divalent ion salt may comprise zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate Zn(CF3SO3)2 An electrochemical cell or battery is provided incorporating such a composite solid electrolyte that cycles ions, such as zinc ions or hydroxide ions, suppresses or minimizes dendrite formation, while having good ionic conductivity and being flexible. This flexibility provides the ability to create deformations in the electrochemical cell, such as protrusions and recesses that may define a corrugated pattern.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a biomimetic composite that includes a plurality of nanostructures each having at least one axial geometry region comprising an inorganic material. The nanostructures may be a plurality of substantially aligned (e.g., in a vertical orientation) axial geometry nanowires comprising zinc oxide or alternatively hedgehog-shaped nanoparticles with needles comprising zinc oxide. A polymeric matrix disposed in void regions defined between respective nanostructures of the plurality of nanostructures. The biomimetic composite exhibits a viscoelastic figure of merit (VFOM) of greater than or equal to about 0.001 up to about 0.6 or greater. Methods of making such biomimetic composites are also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a structure comprising a polymeric structure or composite material having a surface patterned via methods employing a kirigami-type technique. The patterned surface may define a first row of at least two discontinuous cuts and a second row of at least two discontinuous cuts offset from the first row. The first row and the second row cooperate to define a plurality of bridge structures therebetween, making the nanocomposite is stretchable in at least one direction. Methods of making such patterned structures via kirigami techniques, for example, via photolithography top-down cutting are also provided. Devices incorporating such kirigami-patterned polymeric structures are also provided, such as strain tunable optic devices.

Abstract: Branched aramid nanofibers (ANFs) can be made by controlled chemical splitting of micro and macroscale aramid fiber by adjusting the reaction media containing aprotic component, protic component and a base. Branched ANFs have uniform size distribution of diameters in the nanoscale regime (below 200 nm) and high yield exceeding 95% of the nanofibers with this diameter. The method affords preparation of branched ANFs with 3-20 branches per one nanofiber and high aspect ratio. Branched ANFs form hydrogel or aerogels with highly porous 3D percolating networks (3DPNs) frameworks that are made into different shapes. Polymers and nanomaterials are impregnated into the 3DPNs through several methods. Gelation of branched ANFs facilitates layer-by-layer deposition in a process described as gelation assisted layer-by-layer deposition (gaLBL). A method of manufacturing battery components including ion conducting membranes, separators, anodes, and cathodes is described.

Abstract: A metamaterial shell architected on a core particle (comprising organic or inorganic material) so as to form a novel class of structurally hierarchical particle that has degrees of freedom in design parameters stemming from effective optical response of the metamaterial shell and from the electromagnetic modes in the core to elicit optical behaviours that are not easily achievable and designable in particles having simpler or smoother geometries.

Abstract: Material-Sensing Light Imaging, Detection, And Ranging (LIDAR) systems optionally include a laser configured to generate a light pulse, a beam steerer configured to produce a polarization-adjusted light pulse emitted towards an object, at least one polarizer configured to polarize reflected, scattered, or emitted light returned from the object, and a processor configured to detect at least one material of the object based on an intensity and polarization of the polarized reflected, scattered or emitted light from the object. The beam steerer may include a kirigami nanocomposite. Methods are also provided, including, for example, generating a light pulse, adjusting a polarization of the light pulse to produce a polarization-adjusted light pulse emitted towards an object, polarizing reflected, scattered, or emitted light returned from the object, and detecting at least one material of the object based on an intensity and polarization of the polarized reflected, scattered or emitted light from the object.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions, systems, and methods for detecting microorganisms. In particular, provided herein are compositions, systems, and methods for rapid, multiplex detection of microorganism in unpurified biological samples.