Abstract: A method for preparing a high-purity ionic liquid having a pH value of 7 and an elemental analysis deviation of less than 0.5 wt % between a calculated elemental analysis and a found elemental analysis for each of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, wherein the method comprises forming a monophasic or biphasic mixture of an ionic liquid and an inert liquid. When the monophasic mixture is formed, it is filtered to yield a filtrate from which the high-purity ionic liquid is recovered. When the biphasic mixtures is formed, it is separated into an aqueous phase and ionic liquid phase, whereby the ionic liquid phase is filtered to yield a filtrate from which the high-purity ionic liquid is recovered. Furthermore, the present purification procedure can be used for the clean-up of a contaminated ionic liquid by extracting it into a polar extractant to form an extract containing the ionic liquid. Water traces are removed from the extract.

Abstract: A method for preparing a high-purity ionic liquid having a pH value of 7 and an elemental analysis deviation of less than 0.5 wt % between a calculated elemental analysis and a found elemental analysis for each of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen, wherein the method comprises forming a monophasic or biphasic mixture of an ionic liquid and an inert liquid. When the monophasic mixture is formed, it is filtered to yield a filtrate from which the high-purity ionic liquid is recovered. When the biphasic mixtures is formed, it is separated into an aqueous phase and ionic liquid phase, whereby the ionic liquid phase is filtered to yield a filtrate from which the high-purity ionic liquid is recovered. Furthermore, the present purification procedure can be used for the clean-up of a contaminated ionic liquid by extracting it into a polar extractant to form an extract containing the ionic liquid. Water traces are removed from the extract.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a catalyst composition which is effective for use in the production of dimer products and higher olefin products from lower olefins such as propylene and butene in high yields and with an average degree of branching in the dimer products of less than about 1.6 methyl groups per molecule, generally in the range of from about 1.0 to 1.4 methyl groups per molecule. The present invention also provides a process for producing such dimer and higher olefin products using the catalyst composition of this invention. The catalyst of the invention comprises an amorphous nickel oxide (NiO) present as a disperse substantial monolayer on the surfaces of a silica (SiO.sub.2) support, which support also contains minor amounts of an oxide of aluminum, gallium or indium such that the ratio of NiO to metal oxide present in the catalyst is within the range of from about 4:1 to about 100:1.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a catalyst composition which is effective for use in the production of dimer products and higher olefin products from lower olefins such as propylene and butene in high yields and with an average degree of branching in the dimer products of less than about 1.6 methyl groups per molecule, generally in the range of from about 1.0 to 1.4 methyl groups per molecule. The present invention also provides a process for producing such dimer and higher olefin products using the catalyst composition of this invention. The catalyst of the invention comprises an amorphous nickel oxide (NiO) present as a disperse substantial monolayer on the surfaces of a silica (SiO.sub.2) support, which support also contains minor amounts of an oxide of aluminum, gallium or indium such that the ratio of NiO to metal oxide present in the catalyst is within the range of from about 4:1 to about 100:1.

Abstract: A solid, acid catalyst, supported or unsupported, comprised of an anion modified Group IVB oxide is used to dimerize C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 containing feedstreams.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a non-nickel-containing catalyst which is effective for use in the production of dimer products and higher olefin products from a butene starting material at relatively high conversion, good selectivity towards octene production and good activity maintenance over prolonged polymerization times. The catalyst is prepared by impregnating an amorphous trivalent metal oxide support selected from the group consisting of aluminum oxide, gallium oxide and indium oxide with a silicon-containing precursor compound which, after calcination, yields a substantial mono layer of SiO.sub.2 on the surface of the metal oxide support. A disperse layer of TiO.sub.2 is then deposited on the surface of the SiO.sub.2 monolayer by application of a solvent solution of a precursor compound containing titanium onto the SiO.sub.2 monolayer, followed by calcination to reduce the precursor titanium compound to TiO.sub.2.

Abstract: Useful cracking catalysts and catalyst supports comprising a mixture of tungsten oxide and silica supported on a boehmite-like surface which, in turn, is supported on alumina are prepared by forming a composite of particles of (a) tungsten oxide, (b) silica and (c) boehmite and subjecting the composite to steaming at a temperature of at least about 500.degree. C. During the steaming, the tungsten oxide and silica react with the surface of the boehmite as the boehmite converts to alumina.

Abstract: Useful cracking catalysts and catalyst supports comprising a mixture of tungsten oxide and silica supported on a boehmite-like surface which, in turn, is supported on alumina are prepared by forming a composite of particles of (a) tungsten oxide, (b) silica and (c) boehmite and subjecting the composite to steaming at a temperature of at least about 500.degree. C. During the steaming, the tungsten oxide and silica react with the surface of the boehmite as the boehmite converts to alumina.

Abstract: Useful cracking catalysts and catalyst supports comprising silica supported on alumina are prepared by compositing particles of silica or silica precursor with particles of porous alumina and subjecting the resulting composite to high temperature steaming in a non-reducing environment at a temperature of at least about 500.degree. C. for a time sufficient to disperse at least a portion of the silica over the alumina surface. The silica wets, spreads out and reactions with the surface hydroxyul groups of the alumina. The supported silica on alumina composites that can be made from this process may exhibit properties of both bulk silica and bulk alumina at the same time, bulk silica and alumina whose exterior surface only has been modified with silica as wells as composites exhibiting surface properties different from both bulk silica and bulk alumina.

Abstract: Useful cracking catalysts and catalyst supports comprising silica supported on a boehmite-like surface are prepared by compositing particles of silica or hydrated silica with particles of porous boehmite and subjecting the resulting composite to high temperature steaming at a temperature of at least about 600.degree. C. for a time sufficient to disperse at least a portion of the silica over the boehmite surface as the boehmite converts to .gamma.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. The silica wets, spreads out and reacts with the surface hydroxyl groups of the transforming boehmite.

Abstract: Useful cracking catalysts and catalyst supports comprising mixtures of tungsten oxide and silica supported on alumina are prepared by forming a composite of a mixture of (a) particles of tungsten oxide or one or more suitable tungsten oxide precursors, (b) particles of silica and (c) particles of porous alumina and steaming said composite at a temperature of at least about 500.degree. C. in a non-reducing environment for a time sufficient for at least a portion of the tungsten oxide and silica to disperse over the alumina surface. The mixture of silica and tungsten oxide wets, spreads out and reacts with the surface hydroxyl groups of the alumina.