Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for remotely identifying and classifying materials based on their respective complex permittivity features. Materials of interest to be identified in later inspections are cataloged according to their respective complex permittivity features by applying electromagnetic fields to them and determining their complex permittivity features. That library of features is used to compare field measurements taken during an inspection to determine the presence of a material of interest and to identify it.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for remotely identifying and classifying materials based on their respective complex permittivity features. Materials of interest to be identified in later inspections are cataloged according to their respective complex permittivity features by applying electromagnetic fields to them and determining their complex permittivity features. That library of features is used to compare field measurements taken during an inspection to determine the presence of a material of interest and to identify it.

Abstract: Provided are systems and methods for remotely classifying materials based on complex permittivity features. Such a system includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a computing module. The first electrode is configured to generate an electric field. The second electrode is configured to sense interaction of the electric field with a container and any materials in the container and to provide a signal corresponding thereto. The computing module is configured to (i) convert the signal into one or more electrical parameters, (ii) classify the materials in the container based on the one or more electrical parameters, and (iii) identify at least one of the materials in the container to be contraband based on the classifications. The first and second electrodes may be configured as opposing parallel electrodes, a fringing-field sensor, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for remotely identifying and classifying materials based on their respective complex permittivity features. Materials of interest to be identified in later inspections are cataloged according to their respective complex permittivity features by applying electromagnetic fields to them and determining their complex permittivity features. That library of features is used to compare field measurements taken during an inspection to determine the presence of a material of interest and to identify it.

Abstract: Substantially identical numerical sequences known only to stations A and B are generated in a manner not subject to duplication by an eavesdropper and not subject to cryptanalytic attack because they are not derived using a mathematical function (such, as for example, factoring). The sequences are independently derived utilizing a physical phenomena that can only be “measured” precisely the same at stations A and B. Signals are simultaneously transmitted from each station toward the other through a communication channel having a characteristic physical property capable of modifying the signals in a non-deterministic way, such as causing a phase shift. Each signal is “reflected” by the opposite station back toward its station of origin. The effect of the communication channel is “measured” by comparing original and reflected signals. Measured differences are quantized and expressed as numbers.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for remotely identifying and classifying materials based on their respective complex permittivity features. Materials of interest to be identified in later inspections are cataloged according to their respective complex permittivity features by applying electromagnetic fields to them and determining their complex permittivity features. That library of features is used to compare field measurements taken during an inspection to determine the presence of a material of interest and to identify it.

Abstract: Substantially identical numerical sequences known only to stations A and B are generated in a manner not subject to duplication by an eavesdropper and not subject to cryptanalytic attack because they are not derived using a mathematical function (such, as for example, factoring). The sequences are independently derived utilizing a physical phenomena that can only be “measured” precisely the same at stations A and B. Signals are simultaneously transmitted from each station toward the other through a communication channel having a characteristic physical property capable of modifying the signals in a non-deterministic way, such as causing a phase shift. Each signal is “reflected” by the opposite station back toward its station of origin. The effect of the communication channel is “measured” by comparing original and reflected signals. Measured differences are quantized and expressed as numbers.

Abstract: Substantially identical numerical sequences known only to stations A and B are generated in a manner not subject to duplication by an eavesdropper and not subject to cryptanalytic attack because they are not derived using a mathematical function (such, as for example, factoring). The sequences are independently derived utilizing a physical phenomena that can only be “measured” precisely the same at stations A and B. Signals are simultaneously transmitted from each station toward the other through a communication channel having a characteristic physical property capable of modifying the signals in a non-deterministic way, such as causing a phase shift. Each signal is “reflected” by the opposite station back toward its station of origin. The effect of the communication channel is “measured” by comparing original and reflected signals. Measured differences are quantized and expressed as numbers.

Abstract: Substantially identical numerical sequences known only to stations A and B are generated in a manner not subject to duplication by an eavesdropper and not subject to cryptanalytic attack because they are not derived using a mathematical function (such, as for example, factoring). The sequences are independently derived utilizing a physical phenomena that can only be “measured” precisely the same at stations A and B. Signals are simultaneously transmitted from each station toward the other through a communication channel having a characteristic physical property capable of modifying the signals in a non-deterministic way, such as causing a phase shift. Each signal is “reflected” by the opposite station back toward its station of origin. The effect of the communication channel is “measured” by comparing original and reflected signals. Measured differences are quantized and expressed as numbers.

Abstract: Techniques for imaging a search region to detect a dielectric target include placing multiple electrodes outside the search region. At least two electrodes are activated independently of each other. Emitter circuits are connected to corresponding emitter electrodes. Each emitter circuit is configured for using its emitter electrode to produce an electric field with wavelength longer than about one hundred meters. Receiver circuits are connected to corresponding receiver electrodes. Each receiver circuit is configured for using its receiver electrode to measure a property of an electric field produced, at least in part, by an emitter electrode. A processor determines a property of a dielectric target inside the search region based on measurements from the receiver circuits using a subset of the emitter circuits. Among other uses, these techniques allow humans to be detected inside building-size regions, even when hidden by visually opaque blocking material of small dielectric constant.

Abstract: An icing sensor utilizes a surface gap transmission line along which a radio frequency is transmitted. The phase delay of the radio frequency along the transmission line is dependent upon the dielectric constant presented at the surface in the gap between the transmission line electrodes. Accordingly, changes of dielectric constant affect phase delay of the transmitted frequency. This phase delay may be used to detect the difference between ice, water and snow as well as the presence of freezing point depressing fluids such as ethylene glycol. When the sensor is mounted on an aircraft control surface, the presence and likelihood of icing conditions may be predicted. Through the use of one or more temperature, freezing point depressing fluids/water mixture determined from dielectric constant, and rate of change of the dielectric constant, it is possible to predict the time delay until icing begins. Thus, the sensor of the present application may safely reduce the effort and expense in aircraft deicing.

Abstract: An airborne surveillance method and system allows an observer aircraft to determine the position and change of position of a multiplicity of target aircraft and thus allows analysis of collision threats from these aircraft. The system uses a phase comparison direction finding antenna to determine direction of nearby ground based SSRs and all target aircraft of interest. The system further makes use of all other available data including Mode C transponder generated altitude information of the target aircraft, the altitude of the observer aircraft, the received signal strength of both the SSR beam and the received transponder signal, the time difference of arrival between the SSR interrogation signal and the response from the target aircraft, and a variety of other factors to determine the position of the target aircraft.

Abstract: An airborne surveillance method and system allows an observer aircraft to determine the position and change of position of a multiplicity of target aircraft and thus allows analysis of collision threats from these aircraft. The system uses a phase comparison direction finding antenna to determine direction of nearby ground based SSRs and all target aircraft of interest. The system further makes use of all other available data including Mode C transponder generated altitude information of the target aircraft, the altitude of the observer aircraft, the received signal strength of both the SSR beam and the received transponder signal, the time difference of arrival between the SSR interrogation signal and the response from the target aircraft, and a variety of other factors to determine the position of the target aircraft.