Abstract: A cultivator for damaging undesirable plants in an agricultural setting is disclosed. Embodiments of the cultivator include one or more energy emitters that stress target biological material, and the energy emitters in particular embodiments stress plants in at least two different ways, such as imparting light at certain wavelengths that cause dual effect stressors to the plant, such as heat related stress and photochemical stress similar to a sunburn. Some embodiments include a focusing system that spreads out narrow light beams and/or brings multiple light beams together at a point that is outside the cultivator. Some focusing systems cause multiple light beams to initially diverge before converging. Some embodiments utilize unusually large mirrors to capture, for example, multiple light pathways, and direct them to the target. Advantages include the ability to accomplish weeding and/or thinning with very low overall power consumption while moving quickly through a field.

Abstract: A method of making a transparent conductive graphene hybrid, comprising the steps of providing a PMMA/Graphene hybrid, functionalizing the PMMA/Graphene hybrid, providing a transparent substrate, oxidizing the transparent substrate, treating the oxidized substrate and forming a functionalized substrate, applying the PMMA/Graphene hybrid to the functionalized substrate, removing the PMMA, and forming a transparent conductive graphene hybrid. A transparent conductive graphene hybrid comprising a transparent substrate, wherein the transparent substrate is oxidized, and wherein the transparent substrate is treated with TFPA-NH2 to form a functionalized substrate, and a layer of graphene on the functionalized substrate.

Abstract: A monolayer film of nanoparticles can formed from a fluid mixture by combining nanoparticles dispersed in water with a water-miscible organic solvent and a molecular ligand comprising a head group with affinity for the nanoparticle, and introducing the fluid mixture to a substrate in the presence of an air/fluid interface, thereby causing a monolayer film of nanoparticles to form on the substrate. Such monolayers films can include metallic nanoparticles such as gold, and possess substantially uniform spacing over at least a one centimeter length scale. The films are metasurfaces effective to cause a range of linear refractive index of from around unity at 700 nm to 10 at 1500 nm. Such metasurfaces might find utility, for example, as ultrafast (picosecond scale) switches at wavelengths useful for telecommunications.

Abstract: A monolayer film of nanoparticles can formed from a fluid mixture by combining nanoparticles dispersed in water with a water-miscible organic solvent and a molecular ligand comprising a head group with affinity for the nanoparticle, and introducing the fluid mixture to a substrate in the presence of an air/fluid interface, thereby causing a monolayer film of nanoparticles to form on the substrate. Such monolayers films can include metallic nanoparticles such as gold, and possess substantially uniform spacing over at least a one centimeter length scale. The films are metasurfaces effective to cause a range of linear refractive index of from around unity at 700 nm to 10 at 1500 nm. Such metasurfaces might find utility, for example, as ultrafast (picosecond scale) switches at wavelengths useful for telecommunications.

Abstract: A method of making a transparent conductive graphene hybrid, comprising the steps of providing a PMMA/Graphene hybrid, functionalizing the PMMA/Graphene hybrid, providing a transparent substrate, oxidizing the transparent substrate, treating the oxidized substrate and forming a functionalized substrate, applying the PMMA/Graphene hybrid to the functionalized substrate, removing the PMMA, and forming a transparent conductive graphene hybrid. A transparent conductive graphene hybrid comprising a transparent substrate, wherein the transparent substrate is oxidized, and wherein the transparent substrate is treated with TFPA-NH2 to form a functionalized substrate, and a layer of graphene on the functionalized substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of: depositing an actuating material onto a bendable component; and applying heat or an electromagnetic force to the actuating material, such that the volume of the actuating material changes, causing the component to bend.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a low temperature plasma probe for desorbing and ionizing at least one analyte in a sample material and methods of use thereof. In one embodiment, the invention generally relates to a low temperature plasma probe including: a housing having a discharge gas inlet port, a probe tip, two electrodes, and a dielectric barrier, in which the two electrodes are separated by the dielectric barrier, in which application of voltage from a power supply generates a low temperature plasma, and in which the low temperature plasma is propelled out of the discharge region by the electric field and/or the discharge gas flow.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a low temperature plasma probe for desorbing and ionizing at least one analyte in a sample material and methods of use thereof. In one embodiment, the invention generally relates to a low temperature plasma probe including: a housing having a discharge gas inlet port, a probe tip, two electrodes, and a dielectric barrier, in which the two electrodes are separated by the dielectric barrier, in which application of voltage from a power supply generates a low temperature plasma, and in which the low temperature plasma is propelled out of the discharge region by the electric field and/or the discharge gas flow.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a low temperature plasma probe for desorbing and ionizing at least one analyte in a sample material and methods of use thereof. In one embodiment, the invention generally relates to a low temperature plasma probe including: a housing having a discharge gas inlet port, a probe tip, two electrodes, and a dielectric barrier, in which the two electrodes are separated by the dielectric barrier, in which application of voltage from a power supply generates a low temperature plasma, and in which the low temperature plasma is propelled out of the discharge region by the electric field and/or the discharge gas flow.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of: depositing an actuating material onto a bendable component; and applying heat or an electromagnetic force to the actuating material, such that the volume of the actuating material changes, causing the component to bend.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to a low temperature plasma probe for desorbing and ionizing at least one analyte in a sample material and methods of use thereof. In one embodiment, the invention generally relates to a low temperature plasma probe including: a housing having a discharge gas inlet port, a probe tip, two electrodes, and a dielectric barrier, in which the two electrodes are separated by the dielectric barrier, in which application of voltage from a power supply generates a low temperature plasma, and in which the low temperature plasma is propelled out of the discharge region by the electric field and/or the discharge gas flow.