Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for treating cancer in a subject that comprise administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds disclosed herein, or pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more compounds disclosed herein to inhibit mitochondrial oxygen consumption in a cancer cell; and administering an immunotherapy to treat the cancer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds, compositions, and methods for inhibiting mitochondrial oxygen consumption in a cancerous tissue. The compounds, compositions, and methods can be used to treat a subject with hypoxic cancerous tissue.

Abstract: The HIF-1 transcription factor drives gene expression changes in hypoxia. While HIF-1 stimulates glycolysis, it also actively represses mitochondrial function and oxygen consumption by inducing pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1). PDK1 phosphorylates and inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase from converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA to fuel the mitochondrial TCA cycle. This causes a drop in mitochondrial oxygen utilization and results in a relative increase in intracellular oxygen tension.

Abstract: A method of separating DNA molecules by gel electrophoresis is disclosed which employs alternate application of high and low strength electric fields in opposite directions to a gel matrix containing DNA. The high strength field is maintained for a shorter interval than the low strength field, and the ratio of the product of the low strength field and its pulse interval to the product of the high strength field and its pulse interval is greater than 4:1 and sufficient to produce a net migration of the DNA molecules in the direction of the low strength field.