Abstract: An efficient antenna pattern shaping structure employs a parasitic element made of a conductive surface next to radio circuitry to shape the pattern of an associated antenna, preferably one that is a quarter wave antenna. The parasitic element is disposed on a first side of the radio circuitry to act as a reflector of electromagnetic energy. The parasitic element has at least two edges and wherein the at least two edges of the parasitic element are bent in a direction towards the radio circuitry in order to shape the antenna pattern more efficiently. The parasitic element is electrically slightly larger than a half wavelength of a frequency band of interest, preferably the low frequency of interest. A optional opposing parasitic element can be disposed on a second side of the radio circuitry opposite the first side. The opposing parasitic element is electrically slightly smaller than a half wavelength of the frequency band of interest, preferably half a wavelength of the high frequency of interest.

Abstract: Edges of the surface metal of a cage shield are bent inwardly towards an interior of a cavity formed by the cage shield to eliminate leakage at apertures in the shield. In a further embodiment, bends can also be formed by the metal layers and through holes within a printed circuit board.