Abstract: Disclosed are spectroscopy systems and methods. A spectroscopy system can include a reference cell and a multi-pass sample cell. The reference arm can include an etalon and a reference cavity containing a reference gas. A system can include a fractional sublimation cold trap. Detectors of the reference and sample arms can detect both intensity and absorption spectra of impinging beams. A frequency calibration based on a reference absorption spectra can be used to analyze a sample absorption spectrum. The analysis can provide information regarding an absorption band shift of the sample absorption spectrum, said shift being related to the isotope concentration of the sample.

Abstract: A magnetometer and magnet are incorporated into a glove in order to measure the magnetic field between the two carrying an athletic movement such as a golf swing. The resulting magnetic field can be related to the distance between the magnet and the magnetometer in the wrist-joint angle, allowing a real time receptacle signal to be transmitted to the user when a proper wrist angel in achieved.