Abstract: Embodiments include systems and methods that may include receiving situational information triggering a need to alert the driver and in response to the need to alert the driver presenting an alert to the driver based on driver state information selected based on a likelihood the driver will be more receptive to the alert modality than others of the plurality of alert modalities. The likelihood the driver will be receptive to the alert modality may be based on the received situational information, the received driver state information, and a historical behaviour record. The historical behaviour record may correlate the driver's reaction or the reaction of other drivers to previous alerts presented to the driver or other drivers with similar driver state information and similar situational information triggering presentation of previous alerts. The system may learn from the reaction of the driver and/or other drivers to better select suitable alert modalities.