Abstract: A Venturi draft tube spouted bed and method are disclosed that enables scale-up with small particles and improves heat and mass transfer by increasing material turnover rate. A Venturi-style eductor has been incorporated into the spouted bed draft tube to provide suction at the bottom of the bed to better entrain material and reduce the propensity for dead zones at the bottom of the narrow conical section.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are described for high-yield fast pyrolysis of biomass feedstock to produce a liquid bio-oil product. A bubbling fluidized bed reactor is provided having an integrated, rapid quench apparatus for minimizing secondary cracking reactions that can otherwise lower the yield of bio-oil. A quench stream is provided inside the reactor to minimize the residence time that the product vapors spend at high temperature where cracking can occur. The quench stream is introduced downstream of the fluidized bed but still internal to the reactor. The fluidized bed medium is constrained to the bottom of the reactor and is not cooled by the quench stream.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are described for high-yield fast pyrolysis of biomass feedstock to produce a liquid bio-oil product. A bubbling fluidized bed reactor is provided having an integrated, rapid quench apparatus for minimizing secondary cracking reactions that can otherwise lower the yield of bio-oil. A quench stream is provided inside the reactor to minimize the residence time that the product vapors spend at high temperature where cracking can occur. The quench stream is introduced downstream of the fluidized bed but still internal to the reactor. The fluidized bed medium is constrained to the bottom of the reactor and is not cooled by the quench stream.