Abstract: Fabrication of thin-film metal oxide layers is performed by combining deposition of an oxidant-containing precursor, combustion of the precursor to form a thin-film metal oxide layer, and plasma treating the thin-film metal oxide layer. In one example, rapid fabrication of high-quality indium tin oxide thin films is demonstrated.

Abstract: Improved deposition of optoelectronically active perovskite materials is provided with a two step process. In the first step, precursors are deposited on a substrate. In the second step, the deposited precursors are exposed to an atmospheric pressure plasma which efficiently cures the precursors to provide the desired perovskite thin film. The resulting films can have excellent optical properties combined with superior mechanical properties.

Abstract: Mechanical scaffolds within optoelectronic devices are provided to enhance the overall thermomechanical and chemical stability of these devices. For example, extremely fragile perovskite solar cells were reinforced by scaffolding in the following way: following printing, the scaffold was sequentially filled with an electron (hole) transport layer, photoactive perovskite semiconductor, a hole (electron) transport layer, and finally capped with a top electrode. The scaffold provided structural reinforcement to the fragile perovskite layer and inhibited crack formation in the layer that would lead to device failure.

Abstract: Improved deposition of optoelectronically active perovskite materials is provided with a two step process. In the first step, precursors are deposited on a substrate. In the second step, the deposited precursors are exposed to an atmospheric pressure plasma which efficiently cures the precursors to provide the desired perovskite thin film. The resulting films can have excellent optical properties combined with superior mechanical properties.