Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system and method for efficiently mining multi-threshold measurements acquired using photon counting pixel-array detectors for spectral imaging and diffraction analyses. Images of X-ray intensity as a function of X-ray energy were recorded on a 6 megapixel X-ray photon counting array detector through linear fitting of the measured counts recorded as a function of counting threshold. An analytical model is disclosed for describing the probability density of detected voltage, utilizing fractional photon counting to account for edge/corner effects from voltage plumes that spread across multiple pixels. Three-parameter fits to the model were independently performed for each pixel in the array for X-ray scattering images acquired for 13.5 keV and 15.0 keV X-ray energies. From the established pixel responses, multi-threshold composite images produced from the sum of 13.5 keV and 15.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification (RFID) encoding device can comprise an applicator, an RFID reader with an antenna, and a housing having a receptacle. The receptacle can be configured to receive a vial. The applicator can be configured to apply an RFID tag to the vial. The RFID reader can have at least one antenna. The antenna can be configured to communicate with the RFID tag. The device can be configured to communicate with a host computer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system and method for efficiently mining multi-threshold measurements acquired using photon counting pixel-array detectors for spectral imaging and diffraction analyses. Images of X-ray intensity as a function of X-ray energy were recorded on a 6 megapixel X-ray photon counting array detector through linear fitting of the measured counts recorded as a function of counting threshold. An analytical model is disclosed for describing the probability density of detected voltage, utilizing fractional photon counting to account for edge/corner effects from voltage plumes that spread across multiple pixels. Three-parameter fits to the model were independently performed for each pixel in the array for X-ray scattering images acquired for 13.5 keV and 15.0 keV X-ray energies. From the established pixel responses, multi-threshold composite images produced from the sum of 13.5 keV and 15.

Abstract: Methods for determining the 3-D structures of proteins. Such a method includes incorporating a compound into a protein crystal such that the compound enhances the activity of the protein crystal to second harmonic generation, illuminating the protein crystal with a sufficiently intense light to cause second harmonic generation by the protein crystal, and detecting a second harmonic generation response produced by the protein crystal that is suitable for protein structure determination by diffraction analysis.

Abstract: Methods for determining the 3-D structures of proteins. Such a method includes incorporating a compound into a protein crystal such that the compound enhances the activity of the protein crystal to second harmonic generation, illuminating the protein crystal with a sufficiently intense light to cause second harmonic generation by the protein crystal, and detecting a second harmonic generation response produced by the protein crystal that is suitable for protein structure determination by diffraction analysis.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification (RFID) encoding device can comprise an applicator, an RFID reader with an antenna, and a housing having a receptacle. The receptacle can be configured to receive a vial. The applicator can be configured to apply an RFID tag to the vial. The RFID reader can have at least one antenna. The antenna can be configured to communicate with the RFID tag. The device can be configured to communicate with a host computer.

Abstract: A roller press is disclosed. The roller press [1] may comprise a pair of side-by-side rollers [22] configured to form a nip therebetween. The roller press [1] may further be configured to grind or crush feed material. Each of the side-by-side rollers [22] may share a first end and a second end. A pair of cheek plate assemblies [100, 200, 300, 400] may be provided to the roller press [1], wherein one cheek plate assembly [100, 200, 300, 400] is provided adjacent said first end of the rollers [22] and another cheek plate assembly [100, 200, 300, 400] is provided adjacent said second end of the rollers [22]. Each cheek plate assembly [100, 200, 300, 400] may be configured for engagement with a frame [30] and/or housing [40] portion of the roller press [1].

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system and method for efficiently mining multi-threshold measurements acquired using photon counting pixel-array detectors for spectral imaging and diffraction analyses. Images of X-ray intensity as a function of X-ray energy were recorded on a 6 megapixel X-ray photon counting array detector through linear fitting of the measured counts recorded as a function of counting threshold. An analytical model is disclosed for describing the probability density of detected voltage, utilizing fractional photon counting to account for edge/corner effects from voltage plumes that spread across multiple pixels. Three-parameter fits to the model were independently performed for each pixel in the array for X-ray scattering images acquired for 13.5 keV and 15.0 keV X-ray energies. From the established pixel responses, multi-threshold composite images produced from the sum of 13.5 keV and 15.

Abstract: A photoflash unit is designed to have a plurality of lamps fired individually and in sequence and includes a plurality of switching devices capable of being easily activated by radiant energy generated during flashing of the lamps. Initially, the switches have a high resistance ("off" condition) and after being activated by radiation, they undergo a chemical change to a conductive state ("on" condition). The switches are prepared from compositions which impart improved shelf life to the switches under conditions of high relative humidity.