Abstract: Methods and apparatus for guiding a guide wire through a blood vessel are described. An exemplary embodiment includes a guide wire coupled to an interferometric guidance system. The interferometric guidance system is configured to provide imaging information of the vessel. The guidance system further includes a flow detection circuit for performing Doppler shift analysis to determine the presence of neovascular channels through an obstruction in the vessel. The neovascular fow information is used by the guide wire operator to guide the guide wire through the obstruction.

Abstract: A method of charging a battery, and particularly a nickel battery, in a mobile charger, such as a vehicular charger, which is subjected to elevated temperatures. The method includes the steps of a first charging of the battery until a temperature inflection occurs, and then ceasing the charging while the battery temperature stabilizes. Then the battery is charged a second time, and a parameter is monitored for an indication of a full charge, such as temperature inflection or voltage cut-off. Preferably, when the battery reaches an elevated temperature, the charging is ceased until the battery stabilizes, and the charger monitors either temperature inflection, voltage cut-off, or a Coulomb count to determine when the battery has a full charge.

Abstract: A foldable ladder having a plurality of rigid steps and inwardly folding arms pivotably secured to the steps so as to be rigid in use by capable of being folded for storage.