Abstract: An electronic device is provided having a bulk Si layer and an active region positioned on the bulk Si layer. The active region includes at least one semiconductor component defined by a device layout or functions of the electronic device. An opaque structure is positioned on the bulk Si layer or within the bulk Si layer. The opaque structure is configured to prevent visual or IR imaging of the electronic device to determine the device layout or functions.

Abstract: A method of controlling access to a network includes receiving, from a node, a request to access the network. A challenge is sent to the node, the challenge configured to elicit a node fingerprint from the node. The node fingerprint is based on the challenge and on unique characteristic data of a physically unclonable function (PUF), at the node. An expected fingerprint is generated for the node based on the challenge and on characteristic data information associated with the unique characteristic data of the PUF. The characteristic data information is accessed from a location that is independent of and separate from the node. The node is authenticated to the network, to allow the node to access to the network, if the received node fingerprint matches the expected fingerprint. The first node is denied any access to the network if the received node fingerprint does not match the expected fingerprint.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for generating phase-shifted clock signals from a reference clock, connecting the phase-shifted clock signals to a counter module so that the phase-shifted clock signals change values in counters in the counter module, and combining the values in the counters to generate an output signal corresponding to an amount of time. One or more events can be detected at a time corresponding to the output signal. In embodiments, pulses can be transmitted and received at a measure time to evaluate connected devices.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for generating phase-shifted clock signals from a reference clock, connecting the phase-shifted clock signals to a counter module so that the phase-shifted clock signals change values in counters in the counter module, and combining the values in the counters to generate an output signal corresponding to an amount of time. One or more events can be detected at a time corresponding to the output signal. In embodiments, pulses can be transmitted and received at a measure time to evaluate connected devices.