Abstract: Subject of the present invention is a compensating means for the mechanical losses and, or spring stresses in a universal impedance apparatus of electric power transmission and distribution use, the apparatus having a field and an armature coupled through a spring, with one or the other functioning as a mechanical oscillator. The means consists of a compensating winding deployed on the armature in tandem with the main winding and carrying an a.c. current in phase with the velocity of the oscillation, or a current additively proportional to both the velocity and the displacement of the oscillation.

Abstract: The subject matter of the present invention is a universal impedance element of electric power transmission and distribution use, having either fixed or controllably variable magnitude. One and the same unit of such element can be made to function as an inductor, condenser, contactless voltage regulator, fault-current attenuator, or arcless circuit breaker, by either choosing the magnitude of one mechanical and/or one electrical parameter.

Abstract: The subject matter of the present invention is a universal impedance element of electric power transmission and distribution use, having either fixed or controllable magnitude which, by choosing the value of one structural parameter, can be set to function as an inductor, capacitor, contactless voltage regulator or arcless circuit breaker.