Abstract: A photovoltaic (PV) module (1) comprising a positive terminal (5), a negative terminal (6), and at least two sub-modules. Each of the at least two sub-modules (10a-c) comprises x parallel-connected sub-strings (13), wherein each of the x parallel-connected sub-strings (13) comprises y series-connected sub-cells (16), wherein the y series-connected sub-cells (16) are arranged in an array. The PV module (1) further comprises a back conductive sheet having a first connection pattern arranged for connecting the x parallel-connected sub-strings (13) of each of the at least two sub-modules (10a-c), wherein each of the at least two sub-modules (10a-c) is provided with a power optimizer circuit (21a-c), and the output of the power optimizer circuits (21a-c) are connected in series between the positive terminal (5) and the negative terminal (6).

Abstract: SOFC cell unit in which a separator plate provided with a corrugation is fitted and bears directly against the anode and cathode, respectively. Anode gas and cathode gas preferably move in the same direction and anode gas is supplied from a number of anode gas supply openings extending through a cell stack. These openings are situated on the side parallel to the direction of the ducts formed by the corrugation. Cathode gas can be fed directly into the corrugation. In this way, it is possible to produce a highly efficient cell and an associated compact cell stack in a simple manner.

Abstract: A fuel cell is constructed as anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell, but can also be used with electrolyte- and metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells. The anode and electrolyte are larger than the cathode and the portion of the anode/electrolyte protruding beyond the cathode is provided with a peripheral seal. The anode-/electrolyte/cathode combination is provided with a flow/gas distribution grid on both the anode and the cathode side. The anode/cathode combination including the flow/gas distribution grids is enclosed between two separator plates, an auxiliary plate and a spacer. The auxiliary plate is designed for external feeding and discharge of a cathode gas, while the separator plate and the auxiliary plate are provided with openings for internal feeding/discharge of anode gas. The auxiliary plate and spacer are solder joined to the separator plate. Several fuel cells of the invention can be used to form a cell stack.

Abstract: An arrangement is proposed for a system with at least two molten carbonate or solid oxide fuel cell stacks (1, 2, 3). The cathode flows (14) of these stacks are connected in series while the anode flows (25) are in parallel. All stacks have an internal reforming device for a hydrocarbon fuel. Anode gas is recycled (24) from the stack outlets to the inlets. The invention allows the stacks to be of the same design and this reduces manufacturing costs. The cathode streams between the stacks are cooled by, for example, adding streams of cool air (15) to them. The cathode inlet temperatures can, therefore, be controlled by relatively inexpensive low temperature air valves. The invention allows the system to be designed with few heat exchangers, if any. The per pass utilization of all the oxidant streams and fuel streams are low. The efficiency of the system is typically 4-5 percentage points higher than that of equivalent conventional systems.

Abstract: An arrangement is proposed for a system with at least two molten carbonate or solid oxide fuel cell stacks (1, 2, 3). The cathode flows (14) of these stacks are connected in series while the anode flows (25) are in parallel. All stacks have an internal reforming device for a hydrocarbon fuel. Anode gas is recycled (24) from the stack outlets to the inlets. The invention allows the stacks to be of the same design and this reduces manufacturing costs. The cathode streams between the stacks are cooled by, for example, adding streams of cool air (15) to them. The cathode inlet temperatures can, therefore, be controlled by relatively inexpensive low temperature air valves. The invention allows the system to be designed with few heat exchangers, if any. The per pass utilization of all the oxidant streams and fuel streams are low. The efficiency of the system is typically 4-5 percentage points higher than that of equivalent conventional systems.