Abstract: The invention relates to a signaling system, comprising a crossable zone intended to be positioned on a highway and comprising a signaling marking forming a plurality of signaling strips, said system being characterized in that: The crossable zone comprises a plurality of photovoltaic zones (ZP) comprising photovoltaic cells (Cp) intended to capture light energy in order to convert it into electrical energy; The crossable zone comprises a plurality of signaling zones (ZS), of non-zero areas, so as to form said plurality of signaling strips, each signaling zone (ZS) incorporating electrical lighting means; A control system for controlling said electrical lighting means; At least one storage unit (14) for storing the electrical energy generated by each photovoltaic zone (ZP) and connected to said electrical lighting means in order to supply them with electrical energy.

Abstract: The photovoltaic installation being intended to supply an electric current (i), the method comprises the steps of measuring (e0) values representative of the electric current (i) supplied by the photovoltaic installation; adjusting (e2) a variable current jump threshold (s(ti)) according to measured values; detecting (e3) a current jump with an amplitude greater than a current jump threshold adjusted according to values measured before the jump; and detecting (e5) an electric arc based on the detection of a current jump.

Abstract: Disclosed is a covering slab for infrastructure such as a roadway in the form of a road or a motorway, a wall or a roof, the infrastructure being functionalized by the addition of a function such as an electrical energy generator and/or an electrical energy receiver, the slab being formed by a monobloc assembly including: an assembly for the electrical functionalization of the slab, including a first layer, called an outer layer; an electronics block connected to the electrical functionalization assembly and including at least one bidirectional static converter; and a contactless energy transmission block including an inductive coupler provided with two terminals connected to the bidirectional static converter of the electronics block and having a coupling surface located opposite the outer layer.

Abstract: A photovoltaic installation comprising at least one photovoltaic module (1) and an electromechanical unit capable of producing a non-stray electric arc of a duration less than or equal to a given arc-quenching duration (x) when contacts of the electromechanical unit are opened.

Abstract: A functionalized infrastructure including a bottom layer including a zone to be covered, the infrastructure including: n covering slabs arranged juxtaposed in order to pave the surface to be covered, each covering slab having a rank i, with i ranging from 1 to n and n being greater than or equal to 2 and including a coverage surface positioned to cover a part of the zone and at least one electrical functionalization assembly, the n covering slabs including at least one covering slab of a first type having a coverage surface of a first form and a covering slab of a second type having a coverage surface of a second form, each covering slab including an electrical connection block arranged on the slab so as to separate each slab of rank i from a slab of rank i+1 by a pitch (P) that is constant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method including the steps of measuring (EO) an electric current signal produced by the apparatus (100) at a sampling rate no lower than 50 kHz, and, from the measured current signal, determining (E3) an initial value (10) of the current before the occurrence of an electric arc, determining (E5) current values (Iarcj) during the electric arc, evaluating (E6) arc voltage values from the current values determined during the arc and from the initial value of the current, integrating (E7) over time the product of the arc voltage values evaluated by the determined current values, in order to determine the energy of the arc.

Abstract: The method comprises the steps of measuring (E0) a voltage signal at the terminals of at least one photovoltaic module of the installation (100) with a sampling frequency greater than or equal to 50 kHz and, from the measured voltage signal, determining an initial voltage preceding the appearance of the arc and voltage values during the electric arc; evaluating values of an electric current produced by the photovoltaic installation during the electric arc; time integration (E7) of the product of arc voltage values equal to the difference between the voltage values during the arc and the initial voltage, determined in step A), and current values evaluated in step B), in order to determine the energy of the arc.

Abstract: The invention relates to a one-piece light signalling slab (2) comprising a structure with a plurality of layers that are superposed and attached together, said structure comprising: A first transparent or translucent layer (200) forming a front face of said slab; A light assembly (201) comprising a plurality of light emitting diodes (Ds) electrically connected together; An assembly (202a, 202b) encapsulating said plurality of light emitting diodes; A second layer (203) forming a rear face of said plate and being made up of a composite polymer/fibreglass material; Said encapsulating assembly being positioned between said first layer (200) and said second layer (203).

Abstract: The invention relates to a signaling system, comprising a crossable zone intended to be positioned on a highway and comprising a signaling marking forming a plurality of signaling strips, said system being characterized in that: The crossable zone comprises a plurality of photovoltaic zones (ZP) comprising photovoltaic cells (Cp) intended to capture light energy in order to convert it into electrical energy; The crossable zone comprises a plurality of signaling zones (ZS), of non-zero areas, so as to form said plurality of signaling strips, each signaling zone (ZS) incorporating electrical lighting means; A control system for controlling said electrical lighting means; At least one storage unit (14) for storing the electrical energy generated by each photovoltaic zone (ZP) and connected to said electrical lighting means in order to supply them with electrical energy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a one-piece light signalling slab (2) comprising a structure with a plurality of layers that are superposed and attached together, said structure comprising: A first transparent or translucent layer (200) forming a front face of said slab; A light assembly (201) comprising a plurality of light emitting diodes (Ds) electrically connected together; An assembly (202a, 202b) encapsulating said plurality of light emitting diodes; A second layer (203) forming a rear face of said plate and being made up of a composite polymer/fibreglass material; Said encapsulating assembly being positioned between said first layer (200) and said second layer (203).

Abstract: A method estimating a series or parallel nature and a location of an arc in a photovoltaic device, operating under direct current, including N (N=1 or N>1) strings of photovoltaic modules, connected to a charge device having a capacitive behaviour for the modules, the method including: a) detecting, at terminals of each of the modules of each string, evolution of voltage over time, during formation of an electric arc; b) identifying the modules at the terminals of which a voltage variation occurs between a first zone with stable voltage and a second zone with stable voltage for a duration of at least 5 ?s, which immediately follows the voltage variation, and identifying the sign of each voltage variation; c) estimating the series or parallel nature and the location of the arc in the photovoltaic device.

Abstract: A functionalized infrastructure including a bottom layer including a zone to be covered, the infrastructure including: n covering slabs arranged juxtaposed in order to pave the surface to be covered, each covering slab having a rank i, with i ranging from 1 to n and n being greater than or equal to 2 and including a coverage surface positioned to cover a part of the zone and at least one electrical functionalization assembly, the n covering slabs including at least one covering slab of a first type having a coverage surface of a first form and a covering slab of a second type having a coverage surface of a second form, each covering slab including an electrical connection block arranged on the slab so as to separate each slab of rank i from a slab of rank i+1 by a pitch (P) that is constant.

Abstract: The method includes connecting a MOSFET-type transistor to the photovoltaic installation; applying, to the transistor, a signal of a control voltage (Vgs) that crosses a linear regime range (?lin) of the transistor, between two critical voltages including a saturation voltage (Vgs(sat)) and a threshold voltage (Vgs(th)), and measuring the current and the voltage of the photovoltaic installation while the linear regime range of the transistor is being crossed. The control voltage signal (Vgs) of the transistor is generated from a digital control signal. The transistor initially being in short-circuit (?cc) or open-circuit (?co) regime, a command is issued for a first, rapid variation (BT1) in the control voltage (Vgs) in the direction of the linear regime range of the transistor, then a second, slow variation (BT2) in the control voltage (Vgs) crossing the linear regime range of the transistor, the transition between the first and the second variation being discontinuous.

Abstract: The photovoltaic installation comprising at least one photovoltaic module (1) and an electromechanical part capable of producing a non-parasitic electric arc of a duration less than or equal to a given arc extinction duration (x) when contacts in said part are opened, the method comprises the steps of detecting (e0) the appearance of an electric arc in a photovoltaic installation; triggering (e1) a timer to start timing from the moment (t0) of appearance of the electric arc; measuring (e3) at least one of the electric quantities of the group including a voltage (vm) of the at least one photovoltaic module and a current (i) produced by the installation at the end of the arc extinction duration starting from the moment (t0) of appearance of the arc; comparative testing (e4; e5) in order to determine whether the measured electric quantity is equal to an open-circuit voltage (voc) of the photovoltaic module or to a zero current; and, if the test is negative, identifying a parasitic electric arc.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method including the steps of measuring (EO) an electric current signal produced by the apparatus (100) at a sampling rate no lower than 50 kHz, and, from the measured current signal, determining (E3) an initial value (10) of the current before the occurrence of an electric arc, determining (E5) current values (Iarcj) during the electric arc, evaluating (E6) arc voltage values from the current values determined during the arc and from the initial value of the current, integrating (E7) over time the product of the arc voltage values evaluated by the determined current values, in order to determine the energy of the arc.

Abstract: The method comprises the steps of measuring (E0) a voltage signal at the terminals of at least one photovoltaic module of the installation (100) with a sampling frequency greater than or equal to 50 kHz and, from the measured voltage signal, determining an initial voltage preceding the appearance of the arc and voltage values during the electric arc; evaluating values of an electric current produced by the photovoltaic installation during the electric arc; time integration (E7) of the product of arc voltage values equal to the difference between the voltage values during the arc and the initial voltage, determined in step A), and current values evaluated in step B), in order to determine the energy of the arc.

Abstract: The photovoltaic installation being intended to supply an electric current (i), the method comprises the steps of measuring (e0) values representative of the electric current (i) supplied by the photovoltaic installation; adjusting (e2) a variable current jump threshold (s(ti)) according to measured values; detecting (e3) a current jump with an amplitude greater than a current jump threshold adjusted according to values measured before the jump; and detecting (e5) an electric arc based on the detection of a current jump.

Abstract: Method for detecting an electric arc in a photovoltaic installation, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Measurement (E6) of voltage values at at least one site of the electrical circuit of the photovoltaic installation; Digitization (E8) of the measured voltage values so as to form a data sampling x; Computation (E10) of a first indicator of presence of an electric arc, on the basis of a statistical computation on the data sampling x, from among the variance, a value analogous to the variance, or the interquartile range of the data sampling; Computation (E10) of a second indicator of presence of an electric arc, on the basis of a statistical computation on the data sampling based on one or more estimations of the mean and/or of the median of the data sampling; Comparison (E12) of the first and second indicators of presence of an electric arc with respective thresholds so as to deduce therefrom the presence or absence of an electric arc within the photovoltaic installation.

Abstract: Method for detecting an electric arc in a photovoltaic installation, which includes measurement (E6) of voltage values at at least one site of the electrical circuit of the photovoltaic installation; digitization (E8) of the measured voltage values so as to form voltage data; formation (E11) of a window of n recent digitized voltage data; computation (E12) of a test value associated with the said window of the n voltage data; analysis (E13) of a test vector comprising m test values associated with m recent windows generating a quantity arising from this analysis representative of a risk of electric arc; comparison (E15) of this quantity arising with at least one threshold so as to deduce therefrom the presence or otherwise of an electric arc within the photovoltaic installation.

Abstract: Photovoltaic module (11) comprising a plurality of electrically connected photovoltaic cells (12), characterized in that it has a square shape and comprises at least two contact pads (17, 18) in each corner of the module so as to comprise at least four connectors (14, 15) on each edge (21; 22; 23; 24) of the module.