Abstract: The invention relates to a method for activating a catalyst for catalytic reforming that is particularly carried out with carbon dioxide being reacted, and according to which an activation gas that contains steam and hydrogen is passed over the catalyst to be activated at an activation temperature during an activation period. The activation gas comprises 10 to 30 mol-% steam, 40 to 60 mol-% hydrogen and 20 to 40 mol-% one or more inert gases.

Abstract: A process for producing a purified hydrogen product without a pre-reformer or pre-reforming catalyst in a fired, tubular reformer where the feed stream having a carbon (i.e., C2+) molar composition greater than or equal to five percent and is mixed with a steam stream to yield a reformer feed stream with a steam-to-carbon ratio less than or equal to three. The reformer tubes contain a nickel-based catalyst without alkali promotion.

Abstract: A process (100) is proposed for the production of one or more olefins, in which a reaction feed containing oxygen and one or more paraffins is formed and in which a part of the oxygen in the reaction feed is reacted with a part of the one or more paraffins to form the one or more olefins by an oxidative process, to obtain a process gas, the process gas containing at least the unreacted part of the one or more paraffins and oxygen, the one or more olefins, one or more acetylenes, carbon dioxide and water.

Abstract: A process (100) is proposed for the production of one or more olefins, in which a reaction feed containing oxygen and one or more paraffins is formed and in which a part of the oxygen in the reaction feed is reacted with a part of the one or more paraffins to form the one or more olefins by an oxidative process, to obtain a process gas, the process gas containing at least the unreacted part of the one or more paraffins and oxygen, the one or more olefins, one or more acetylenes, carbon dioxide and water.

Abstract: A device for the electrochemical production of a product containing CO, and a method for the electrochemical production of a product containing CO, in which a return of a material stream containing the educt and CO is carried out after the electrochemical production.

Abstract: A device for the electrochemical production of a product containing CO, and a method for the electrochemical production of a product containing CO, in which a return of a material stream containing the educt and CO is carried out after the electrochemical production.

Abstract: A method for the electrochemical production of a gas including CO, in particular CO or syngas, from CO2, wherein the electrochemical production of the gas including CO, in particular CO or syngas, from CO2 takes place in multiple electrolytic cells, which are arranged in series one behind the other in the direction of at least one electrolyte flow and each include a cathode and an anode, wherein the at least one electrolyte flow is conducted through the electrolytic cells which are arranged in series one behind the other and is intermediately cooled between at least two electrolytic cells which are arranged in series one behind the other. A device is adapted for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A method (100) for obtaining olefins is proposed, wherein a first gas mixture (b), which is produced by a steam cracking process (1), is at least partially used to form a first separation feedstock (f) which contains hydrocarbons with one to five carbon atoms, and from which at least a first separation product (g) and a second separation product (h, o) are produced, the first separation product (g) containing at least the greater proportion of the hydrocarbons with one carbon atom and of the hydrocarbons with two carbon atoms contained in the first separation feedstock (f), and the second separation product (h, o) containing at least the greater proportion of the hydrocarbons with four carbon atoms and of the hydrocarbons with five carbon atoms contained in the first separation feedstock (f), and wherein a second gas mixture (r) which is produced by an oxygenate-to-olefin process (2) is used at least partially to form a second separation feedstock (t) which contains hydrocarbons with one to five carbon atoms,

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for production of dimethyl ether from methane or natural gas comprising: a dry-reforming step, wherein methane and carbon dioxide are converted into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and a DME synthesis step, wherein the carbon monoxide and hydrogen formed in the dry-reforming step are converted into dimethyl ether, wherein the dry-reforming step and the synthesis step are carried out at identical pressures or at pressures, which do not differ more than 3 bar, preferably not more than 1 bar.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for production of dimethyl ether from methane or natural gas comprising: a dry-reforming step, wherein methane and carbon dioxide are converted into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and a DME synthesis step, wherein the carbon monoxide and hydrogen formed in the dry-reforming step are converted into dimethyl ether, wherein the dry-reforming step and the synthesis step are carried out at identical pressures or at pressures, which do not differ more than 3 bar, preferably not more than 1 bar.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for generating hydrogen (5), wherein an input (1) comprising carbon is fed longitudinally through a tube-shaped reaction chamber (Z), together with water steam (2), and is thereby converted by steam reforming, and hydrogen (4) formed during steam reforming is continuously drawn off out of the reaction chamber (Z) through a separating wall (T), said wall being selectively hydrogen-permeable at least in segments, and at a pressure less than the pressure in the reaction chamber (Z) and greater than the ambient pressure, having greater purity than product (5), characterized in that a separating wall (T) is used, the selectively hydrogen-permeability segments thereof being disposed such that a hydrogen partial pressure drop exists over the entire surface of each of such segments between the reaction chamber side and the hydrogen extraction side (W).

Abstract: A method and device for the catalytic decomposition of laughing gas in a laughing-gas-bearing gas. The method includes diluting the laughing-gas-bearing gas with a diluting gas, while forming a laughing-gas-bearing charge gas. The laughing-gas bearing charge gas is passed through a heat-exchange step where heat exchange occurs with an exhaust. A heating step occurs for occasional heating of the laughing-gas-bearing charge gas in a fixed-bed reactor for catalytic decomposition of the laughing gas. In some embodiments the diluting gas is dried, and at least a part of the exhaust from the catalytic decomposition of the laughing gas is mixed with the laughing-gas-bearing charge gas upstream of the catalytic decomposition of the laughing gas.

Abstract: A device and method for the decomposition of laughing gas including a gas inlet for supplying a laughing-gas-bearing gas; a first heat-exchanger for the exchange of heat between an exhaust and the laughing-gas-bearing gas; a heating device for occasional heating of the laughing-gas-bearing gas and a fixed-bed reactor in which a catalyst is included in order to decompose the laughing gas. The device also includes a gas outlet, through which exhaust leaving the fixed-bed reactor can be taken away through the heat exchanger. The device may be used to implement a method where the catalyst for decomposition of laughing gas is maintained at temperatures below 800° C. and in which the fixed-bed reactor is arranged as an adiabatic reactor.

Abstract: The laughing-gas-containing gas (1) is diluted by means of a diluting gas (2). The diluting gas (2) is virtually free from water fractions in the dryer (3). After feed of the diluting gas (2) via the feed line (13), exhaust gas (8) from the catalytic decomposition (7) is added (4) to the laughing-gas-containing feed gas (12). After addition (4) of the exhaust gas (8) from the catalytic decomposition of laughing gas (7), the laughing-gas-containing feed gas (12) is compressed (5) and passed to the heat exchanger (6). In the heat exchanger (6) the laughing-gas-containing feed gas (12) is preheated by heat exchange with the exhaust gas (8). The exhaust gas (8) is cooled in the heat exchanger (6) in this process. The preheated laughing-gas-containing feed gas (12) is passed via a further optional heater (11) as a feed to the catalytic laughing gas decomposition (7). In order to avoid a concentration build-up, some of the exhaust gas (8) is passed out (9) of the process.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and to a process for decomposing dinitrogen monoxide. The apparatus comprises a gas inlet 1 for supplying a nitrogen monoxide-containing gas, a first heat exchange medium 3 for exchanging heat between an offgas and the nitrogen monoxide-containing gas, a heating apparatus 4 for occasional heating of the nitrogen monoxide-containing gas, a fixed bed reactor 5 in which a catalyst is accommodated, in order to decompose the dinitrogen monoxide in the dinitrogen monoxide-containing gas, a gas outlet through which the offgas leaving the fixed bed reactor can be conducted out via the heat exchange medium 3. According to the invention, the catalyst is suitable for decomposing dinitrogen monoxide at temperatures below 800° C., especially preferably below 450° C., more preferably below 400° C. The fixed bed reactor 5 is configured for operation in an adiabatic state.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for generating hydrogen (5), wherein an input (1) comprising carbon is fed longitudinally through a tube-shaped reaction chamber (Z), together with water steam (2), and is thereby converted by steam reforming, and hydrogen (4) formed during steam reforming is continuously drawn off out of the reaction chamber (Z) through a separating wall (T), said wall being selectively hydrogen-permeable at least in segments, and at a pressure less than the pressure in the reaction chamber (Z) and greater than the ambient pressure, having greater purity than product (5), characterized in that a separating wail (T) is used, the selectively hydrogen-permeability segments thereof being disposed such that a hydrogen partial pressure drop exists over the entire surface of each of such segments between the reaction chamber side and the hydrogen extraction side (W).

Abstract: A process and apparatus for converting starting materials containing hydrocarbon into a hydrogen-rich product gas is disclosed. A raw synthesis gas containing hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) is generated from the hydrocarbon-containing starting materials in a first process step of which at least a part undergoes a catalytically supported water-gas shift reaction to increase the percentage of hydrogen. The water-gas shift reaction is carried out at temperatures between 50 and 200° C., preferably between 60 and 150° C., and at temperatures between 1 and 10 bar, preferably between 1 and 5 bar, in a reactor in which a suitable catalyst is present.

Abstract: Process and arrangement for producing tetrahydrofuran from a hydrous butane diol solution contaminated by light volatile, organic compounds, comprising the following process stages: a) Distillative removal (K1) of the light volatile, organic compounds contained in the hydrous butane diol solution 1. b) Dehydrating (R) of the thus prepurified hydrous butane diol solution 3 over an acidic aluminum oxide catalyst. c) One-step or multi-step distillation (K2) of the thus obtained high-tetrahydrofuran fraction 8 for obtaining a pure tetrahydrofuran. In addition, a separation of the water from the hydrous butane diol solution to water contents of from 2 to 70% by weight, particularly 2 to 10% by weight, can take place before the dehydrating of the butane diol.