Abstract: For measuring concentrations of fluid-soluble gases with improved drift stability and low production costs, thus dispensing with tedious calibration and/or drift correction routines and re-membraning procedures, a sensor and a system are provided, comprising at least two electrodes, which are covered by sensor fluid at at least one detection site; and an ion-balancing means (50), for example a mixed-bed ion-exchange resin, in contact with the sensor fluid for removing polluting ions.

Abstract: For measuring concentrations of fluid-soluble gases with improved drift stability and low production costs, thus dispensing with tedious calibration and/or drift correction routines and re-membraning procedures, a sensor and a system are provided, comprising at least two electrodes, which are covered by sensor fluid at at least one detection site; and an ion-balancing means (50), for example a mixed-bed ion-exchange resin, in contact with the sensor fluid for removing polluting ions.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory is disclosed. A contiguous layer of phase change material is provided. Proximate the contiguous layer of phase change material is provided a first pair of contacts for providing an electrical current therebetween, the electrical current for passing through the contiguous layer of phase change material for inducing heating thereof within a first region. Also adjacent the contiguous layer is provided a second pair of contacts disposed for providing an electrical current therebetween, the electrical current for passing through the contiguous layer of phase change material for inducing heating thereof within a second region thereof, the second region different from the first region.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory is disclosed. A contiguous layer of phase change material is provided. Proximate the contiguous layer of phase change material is provided a first pair of contacts for providing an electrical current therebetween, the electrical current for passing through the contiguous layer of phase change material for inducing heating thereof within a first region. Also adjacent the contiguous layer is provided a second pair of contacts disposed for providing an electrical current therebetween, the electrical current for passing through the contiguous layer of phase change material for inducing heating thereof within a second region thereof, the second region different from the first region.

Abstract: A non-volatile main memory (10) comprises a plurality of physical blocks of memory locations. Pointing information (112a-c, 114a-c) is stored in the main memory (10), the pointing information comprising pointers (112a-c) to used blocks in use for particular functions and pointers (114a-c) to free blocks that are free for future use for the particular functions. The free blocks to replace selected ones of the used blocks. After this happens an updated version of the pointing information may be written to the main memory only after using at least two of the free blocks as replacements. On start up at least one of the pointers (114a-c) to the free blocks is used to access at least one of the free blocks and to determining whether the accessed free block has been used as a replacement for a particular one of the used blocks. If so, the free block is used instead of the particular one of the used blocks.