Abstract: The invention relates, in general, to methods of processing Lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars and to methods that rely on hydrothermal pretreatment. Xylose monomer yields comparable to those achieved using two-stage pretreatments can be achieved from soft Lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks by pretreasting to very low severity in a single-stage pressurized hydrothermal pretreatment, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis to release xylose retained in the solid state. In some embodiments, pretreated biomass is separated into a solid fraction and a liquid fraction, the solid fraction subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis, and the separated liquid fraction subsequently mixed with the hydrolysed solid fraction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for preparing an isolated biological sample containing at least one of DNA and RNA, such that the DNA and/or RNA is preserved in the sample at ambient temperatures for at least thirty days, the method comprising: contacting the isolated biological sample with a composition comprising a chaotropic agent, and subjecting the contacted sample to microbial cell lysis; and optionally, contacting the lysed biological sample with a slurry of size-selected silicon dioxide to form at least one of DNA-silicon dioxide complexes or RNA-silicon dioxide complexes in the sample; isolating at least one of DNA-silicon dioxide complexes or RNA-silicon dioxide complexes from the sample; and, separating at least one of DNA and RNA from the silicon dioxide and collecting at least one of the DNA and RNA.

Abstract: The roof light system is composed by a roof unit (10), a light conduit (70) and a diffuser unit (80). A ventilation device has a ventilation tube (60) is separate and detached from the light conduit (70). The first end (60a) of the ventilation tube is connected with the roof unit (10) and the second end (60b) is positioned at a distance from the diffuser unit (80). The ventilation device may additionally have a branch tube (160).

Abstract: The roof light system is composed by a roof unit (10), a light conduit (70) and a diffuser unit (80). A ventilation device has a ventilation tube (60) is separate and detached from the light conduit (70). The first end (60a) of the ventilation tube is connected with the roof unit (10) and the second end (60b) is positioned at a distance from the diffuser unit (80). The ventilation device may additionally have a branch tube (160).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for enabling transmission of substantially equal amounts of energy from at least one light source (LS) comprising intensity variations in time to at least two light sensitive points (LSP), said transmission being controlled by means of at least one illumination arrangement (1), and said method comprising establishment of a correlation between said intensity variations and at least one feature of said illumination arrangement. The invention furthermore relates to an illumination arrangement (1) for controlling transmission of energy to at least two light sensitive points (LSP), wherein said controlling transmission enables transmission of substantially equal amounts of energy to each of said at least two light sensitive points (LSP).

Abstract: The invention relates to sound-absorbing devices, assemblies and systems and corresponding methods for altering the reverberation time of a room, specifically although not necessarily exclusively at low frequencies. A sound-absorbing device according to the invention comprises basically a body containing one or more cavities (4), where at least a portion of the outer surface of the body is in contact with said sound field S and where said body is inflatable/extendable and collapsible/compressible during the supply of a gas to or the removal of the gas from said at least one cavity (4), respectively, whereby the absorption coefficient (a) and/or the resonance frequency of said body can be varied, thus determining the absorption coefficient and/or the frequency region in which maximum absorption will take place.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a non-destructive method and apparatus for measuring the 3D topography of a sample having periodic microstructure deposited onto the surface, or deposited onto a film, or buried into the film or sample. In particular, the present invention relates to an optical system and method utilizing polarized light beam, diffracted from the repeated structure, to measure its spatial geometry giving parameters such as profile height, profile widths, sidewall angles, and arbitrary profile shape. The optical system employs a broadband or semi-monochromatic light source to produce a light beam that is polarized and focused onto the periodic structure being measured. The focused beam consists of a whole range of illumination angles that is provided to the structure simultaneously. Transmitted or reflected diffracted light generated by the interaction of the light with the periodic structure is collected by an imaging detector system.

Abstract: A lead-free plate-shaped roof flashing material comprises a sandwich structure in which a stress damping and stabilizing layer of ductile material is completely covered on one side and at least partly covered on the other side by preferably metallic foil sheetings, e.g. of aluminum foil, designed with densely positioned flattened folded sections having such a form, e.g. closed inverted pleats, that a material layer of each folded section gets into contact with the stress damping and stabilizing layer only when the folded sections open in connection with deforming the flashing material to make it fit to the roofing.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a conduit connected to a containment vessel to supply air to a water bath contained in a basin. The conduit is connected to a plurality of air nozzles in the water bath, each of which forms a unit together with a perforate baffle plate disposed above the nozzle to intensively mix the emerging air with water. A set of static mixer elements enclosed by a jacket is disposed in the water bath above the baffle plate.

Abstract: A photoelectric system for controlling storage units arranged in a row and movable along the row to form passageways between adjacent storage units. Each storage unit includes a motor for moving the storage unit in respnose to manual and automatic electric control signals. Light-operated transmitters and receivers are located on each side of each storage unit so that the transmitters and receivers of the storage units interact with each other to control movements of the storage units in a preselected manner. Mirrors are also located on each side of each storage unit so as to provide a reflective signal path between a transmitter and receiver located on an adjacent storage unit. The reflective path is completed when the storage units are spaced a preselected distance from one another. Logic circuitry for the control system is also disclosed.

Abstract: A distinct cultivar of Osteospermum plant named `Sunny Martha`, characterized by its upright growth habit with dense foliage and erect flower stems; rapid growth rate; light lavender ray florets with violet blue disc florets; and numerous inflorescences per plant.

Abstract: A distinct cultivar of Osteospermum plant named `Sunny Ingrid`, characterized by its upright and outwardly spreading growth habit with dense foliage and erect flower stems; moderate growth rate; purple ray florets with violet blue disc florets; and numerous inflorescences per plant.