Abstract: A software defined radio is disclosed. The software defined radio may utilize a method for encoding a bit stream into non-periodic spiral-based symbol waveforms for transmission and reception. The method includes transmitting a signal constructed from one or more non-periodic modulation sets residing on a memory system of the software defined radio, where each modulation set corresponds to a symbol alphabet and provides non-periodic symbol waveforms corresponding to symbol bit sequences segmented by a microprocessor according to alphabet size. The method also includes receiving the signal constructed from one or more spiral modulation sets, wherein the signal from one or more spiral modulation sets are filtered and then fed to an analog to digital converter, where the signal constructed from the one or more spiral modulation sets is digitized and are fed to the microprocessor. A non-transitory computer storage media may also execute the method.

Abstract: A cable positioning arrangement comprises a flexible member, such as an elastic band or cord, extending between two structures. The flexible member is associated with a hole through which a cable passes thereby positioning the cable relative to the structures.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can describe a method for communicating. This can include identifying a set of nonlinear functions used to generate waveforms; generating, a plurality of waveforms having substantially identical amplitudes and substantially identical phases, and designating this plurality of waveforms as a plurality of reference signals; encoding at least one bit of traffic data in an attribute of a waveform; selecting a reference symbol (“refbol”) that encodes the at least one bit of traffic data; transmitting the refbol as a waveform from a transmitter; receiving the refbol at a receiver; and decoding the refbol.

Abstract: A software defined radio is disclosed. The software defined radio may utilize a method for encoding a bit stream into non-periodic spiral-based symbol waveforms for transmission and reception. The method includes transmitting a signal constructed from one or more non-periodic modulation sets residing on a memory system of the software defined radio, where each modulation set corresponds to a symbol alphabet and provides non-periodic symbol waveforms corresponding to symbol bit sequences segmented by a microprocessor according to alphabet size. The method also includes receiving the signal constructed from one or more spiral modulation sets, wherein the signal from one or more spiral modulation sets are filtered and then fed to an analog to digital converter, where the signal constructed from the one or more spiral modulation sets is digitized and are fed to the microprocessor. A non-transitory computer storage media may also execute the method.

Abstract: A software defined radio is disclosed. The software defined radio may utilize a method for encoding a bit stream into non-periodic spiral-based symbol waveforms for transmission and reception. The method includes transmitting a signal constructed from one or more non-periodic modulation sets residing on a memory system of the software defined radio, where each modulation set corresponds to a symbol alphabet and provides non-periodic symbol waveforms corresponding to symbol bit sequences segmented by a microprocessor according to alphabet size. The method also includes receiving the signal constructed from one or more spiral modulation sets, wherein the signal from one or more spiral modulation sets are filtered and then fed to an analog to digital converter, where the signal constructed from the one or more spiral modulation sets is digitized and are fed to the microprocessor. A non-transitory computer storage media may also execute the method.

Abstract: Methods and systems for communicating are disclosed. A method includes obtaining input communication symbols selected from a set of communication symbols, converting input communication symbols into transmittable waveforms using non-periodic functions, and transmitting transmittable waveforms over a communication channel. Another method includes receiving transmittable waveforms constructed using non-periodic functions and transmitted over a communication channel, and demodulating transmittable waveforms. A system includes a modulator adapted to obtain input communication symbols selected from a set of communication symbols and adapted to convert input communication symbols into transmittable waveforms using non-periodic functions, and a transmitter or transceiver adapted to transmit transmittable waveforms over a communication channel.

Abstract: Methods and systems for communicating are disclosed. A method includes obtaining input communication symbols selected from a set of communication symbols, converting input communication symbols into transmittable waveforms using non-periodic functions, and transmitting transmittable waveforms over a communication channel. Another method includes receiving transmittable waveforms constructed using non-periodic functions and transmitted over a communication channel, and demodulating transmittable waveforms. A system includes a modulator adapted to obtain input communication symbols selected from a set of communication symbols and adapted to convert input communication symbols into transmittable waveforms using non-periodic functions, and a transmitter or transceiver adapted to transmit transmittable waveforms over a communication channel.

Abstract: A software defined radio is disclosed. The software defined radio may utilize a method for encoding a bit stream into non-periodic spiral-based symbol waveforms for transmission and reception. The method includes transmitting a signal constructed from one or more non-periodic modulation sets residing on a memory system of the software defined radio, where each modulation set corresponds to a symbol alphabet and provides non-periodic symbol waveforms corresponding to symbol bit sequences segmented by a microprocessor according to alphabet size. The method also includes receiving the signal constructed from one or more spiral modulation sets, wherein the signal from one or more spiral modulation sets are filtered and then fed to an analog to digital converter, where the signal constructed from the one or more spiral modulation sets is digitized and are fed to the microprocessor. A non-transitory computer storage media may also execute the method.

Abstract: A method for Gray coding a symbol alphabet transmitted utilizing a plurality of non-periodic waveforms. The method for Gray coding a symbol alphabet transmitted utilizing a plurality of non-periodic waveforms may include producing a matched filter for each of the non-periodic waveforms, forming an adjacency matrix indicating which symbols are most likely to be confused with each other, ordering the symbols accordingly, and applying a Gray code to the ordered symbols. The method may also include a symbol alphabet with a plurality of symbols that may also include means for building an adjacency matrix describing likelihood of inter-symbol interference and means for ordering the symbols based on the adjacency matrix and for Gray coding the ordered symbols. The method may also include applying a standard Gray code to an ordered symbol list such that successive symbols in the ordered list are assigned bit sequences that differ by one bit.

Abstract: A method for operating an oxygen sensor arrangement senses the oxygen in a breathing loop of a breathing apparatus. The sensor arrangement includes a primary oxygen sensor to measure the oxygen in the breathing loop, a secondary oxygen sensor to measure the oxygen in the breathing loop, and a control arrangement to obtain measures from the oxygen sensor. A test channel arrangement provides a first gas having a first fraction of oxygen from a first gas supply to the primary oxygen sensor at a position adjacent to the primary oxygen sensor. A test valve arrangement opens and closes the flow of the first gas through the test channel arrangement. The control arrangement actuates the first test valve arrangement to provide an amount of the first gas to the primary oxygen sensor via the test channel arrangement and obtain measures from the primary and secondary oxygen sensors.

Abstract: An oxygen sensor arrangement is arranged to sense the oxygen in a breathing loop of a breathing apparatus. The sensor arrangement comprises at least one primary oxygen sensor arranged to operatively measure the oxygen in the breathing loop, and a control arrangement for obtaining measures from the oxygen sensor. A test channel arrangement is adapted to operatively provide a first gas having a first fraction of oxygen from a first supply to the primary oxygen sensor at a position adjacent to or directly adjacent to the primary oxygen sensor. A first test valve arrangement is arranged to operatively open and close the flow of the first gas through the test channel arrangement. The control arrangement is arranged to operatively actuate the first test valve arrangement so as to provide an amount of the first gas to the primary oxygen sensor via the test channel arrangement.

Abstract: Pedestal assemblies configured to support first and second pavers positioned adjacently against an elevated periphery and methods of making the same are provided herein. Preferred assemblies include a cap, base, and at least two towers configured to be sandwiched between the cap and base. Kits can be sold with just cap and base alone. Preferred caps and bases can be formed in the same shape or substantially so, and are racetrack-shaped. Preferred towers include polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cylindrical tubing. The cap can advantageously include an upwardly-projecting fin used to align and separate two pavers positioned alongside an elevated periphery. A pedestal support system can include both periphery pedestals in addition to conventional pedestals positioned away from the elevated periphery.

Abstract: A monitoring system is disclosed, designed to detect the depth of deposition of a substance on a? surface (12), such as the depth of dust in a ventilation shaft. The monitoring system includes a light source (14) and a sensor (16, 30). The light source is arranged to transmit light across a detection surface and the sensor is on the other side of the detection surface. When a substance, such as dirt or grease, is deposited on the surface it obstructs the light and the amount of light reaching the sensor decreases. A processing means (26) detects the decrease in light and from this the depth of the deposition on the surface can be calculated. Preferably the sensor comprises a CCD array (32), and the substance throws a shadow on the array. The processing means can then determine the depth of the substance from the position on the array of the edge of the shadow. Preferably the monitoring system is placed in a low power ‘sleep’ mode in between intermittent operations for detecting the depth of the substance.

Abstract: A cable positioning arrangement comprises a flexible member, such as an elastic band or cord, extending between two structures. The flexible member is associated with a hole through which a cable passes thereby positioning the cable relative to the structures.

Abstract: Methods and systems for communicating are disclosed. A method includes obtaining input communication symbols selected from a set of communication symbols, converting input communication symbols into transmittable waveforms using non-periodic functions, and transmitting transmittable waveforms over a communication channel. Another method includes receiving transmittable waveforms constructed using non-periodic functions and transmitted over a communication channel, and demodulating transmittable waveforms. A system includes a modulator adapted to obtain input communication symbols selected from a set of communication symbols and adapted to convert input communication symbols into transmittable waveforms using non-periodic functions, and a transmitter or transceiver adapted to transmit transmittable waveforms over a communication channel.

Abstract: Pedestal assemblies configured to support first and second pavers positioned adjacently against an elevated periphery and methods of making the same are provided herein. Preferred assemblies include a cap, base, and at least two towers configured to be sandwiched between the cap and base. Kits can be sold with just cap and base alone. Preferred caps and bases can be formed in the same shape or substantially so, and are racetrack-shaped. Preferred towers include polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cylindrical tubing. The cap can advantageously include an upwardly-projecting fin used to align and separate two pavers positioned alongside an elevated periphery. A pedestal support system can include both periphery pedestals in addition to conventional pedestals positioned away from the elevated periphery.

Abstract: A monitoring system is disclosed, designed to detect the depth of deposition of a substance on a? surface (12), such as the depth of dust in a ventilation shaft. The monitoring system includes a light source (14) and a sensor (16, 30). The light source is arranged to transmit light across a detection surface and the sensor is on the other side of the detection surface. When a substance, such as dirt or grease, is deposited on the surface it obstructs the light and the amount of light reaching the sensor decreases. A processing means (26) detects the decrease in light and from this the depth of the deposition on the surface can be calculated. Preferably the sensor comprises a CCD array (32), and the substance throws a shadow on the array. The processing means can then determine the depth of the substance from the position on the array of the edge of the shadow. Preferably the monitoring system is placed in a low power ‘sleep’ mode in between intermittent operations for detecting the depth of the substance.

Abstract: The Invention is directed to an oxygen sensor arrangement (8) and a method for operating such an arrangement for sensing the oxygen in a breathing loop (29) of a breathing apparatus. The sensor arrangement comprises: at least one primary oxygen sensor (30) arranged to operatively measure the oxygen in the breathing loop (29), at least a secondary oxygen sensor (31) arranged to operatively measure the oxygen in the breathing loop (29), and a control arrangement (40) for obtaining measures from said oxygen sensors. A test channel arrangement (15, 48) is adapted to operatively provide a first gas having a first fraction of oxygen from a first gas supply (16) to said primary oxygen sensor (30) at a position (267) adjacent to said primary oxygen sensor (30). At least a first test valve arrangement (41, 42) is arranged to operatively open and close the flow of said first gas through said test channel arrangement (15, 48).

Abstract: The invention is directed to an oxygen sensor arrangement 8 for sensing the oxygen in a breathing loop 29 of a breathing apparatus 100. The sensor arrangement 8 comprises at least one primary oxygen sensor 30 arranged to operatively measure the oxygen in the breathing loop 29, and a control arrangement 40 for obtaining measures from said oxygen sensor. A test channel arrangement 15, 362 is adapted to operatively provide a first gas having a first fraction of oxygen from a first supply 20 to said primary oxygen sensor 30 at a position 267 adjacent to or directly adjacent to said primary oxygen sensor. A first test valve arrangement 41 is arranged to operatively open and close the flow of said first gas through said test channel arrangement 15, 362. Said a control arrangement 40 is arranged to operatively actuate said first test valve arrangement 41 so as to provide an amount of said first gas to said primary oxygen sensor 30 via said test channel arrangement 15, 362.

Abstract: A method for gradually increasing the brightness of an indicator light. An activation signal is received indicating that the indicator light should be lit. Upon receipt of the activation signal, the brightness of the indicator light gradually increases. Upon detection of deactivation of the activation signal, the indicator light is extinguished.