Abstract: This invention includes a process for the identification and validation of a neutral polynucleotide integration site within the S. spinosa genome. In addition, the invention includes the use of the neutral site and methods for the integration of a polynucleotide containing a gene expression cassette, which is stably maintained and expressed over subsequent generations. The invention includes neutral integration sites that can be disrupted without negatively impacting spinosyn production, growth or other desired metabolic characteristics.

Abstract: The invention describes the integration of polynucleotides into chromosomal DNA of S. spinosa species, which are useful for the production of insecticides, integrants thereof, and also to the use of the integrants. The invention includes the stable integration and expression of an oxygen-binding protein, VHb, which results in increased spinosyn production.

Abstract: The invention describes the integration of polynucleotides into chromosomal DNA of S. spinosa species, which are useful for the production of insecticides, integrants thereof, and also to the use of the integrants. The invention includes the stable integration and expression of an oxygen-binding protein, VHb, which results in increased spinosyn production.

Abstract: The invention describes the integration of polynucleotides into chromosomal DNA of S. spinosa species, which are useful for the production of insecticides, integrants thereof, and also to the use of the integrants. The invention includes the stable integration and expression of an oxygen-binding protein, VHb, which results in increased spinosyn production.

Abstract: This invention includes a process for the identification and validation of a neutral polynucleotide integration site within the S. spinosa genome. In addition, the invention includes the use of the neutral site and methods for the integration of a polynucleotide containing a gene expression cassette, which is stably maintained and expressed over subsequent generations. The invention includes neutral integration sites that can be disrupted without negatively impacting spinosyn production, growth or other desired metabolic characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to newly identified genes that encode proteins that are involved in the synthesis of L-ascorbic acid (hereinafter also referred to as Vitamin C). The invention also features polynucleotides comprising the full-length polynucleotide sequences of the novel genes and fragments thereof, the novel polypeptides encoded by the polynucleotides and fragments thereof, as well as their functional equivalents. The present invention also relates to the use of the polynucleotides and polypeptides as biotechnological tools in the production of Vitamin C from microorganisms, whereby a modification of the polynucleotides and/or encoded polypeptides has a direct or indirect impact on yield, production, and/or efficiency of production of the fermentation product in the microorganism. Also included are methods/processes of using the polynucleotides and modified polynucleotide sequences to transform host microorganisms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to newly identified genes that encode proteins that are involved in the synthesis of L-ascorbic acid (hereinafter also referred to as Vitamin C). The invention also features polynucleotides comprising the full-length polynucleotide sequences of the novel genes and fragments thereof, the novel polypeptides encoded by the polynucleotides and fragments thereof, as well as their functional equivalents. The present invention also relates to the use of said polynucleotides and polypeptides as biotechnological tools in the production of Vitamin C from microorganisms, whereby a modification of said polynucleotides and/or encoded polypeptides has a direct or indirect impact on yield, production, and/or efficiency of production of the fermentation product in said microorganism. Also included are methods/processes of using the polynucleotides and modified polynucleotide sequences to transform host microorganisms.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a target fermentation product comprising cultivation of an aerobic microorganism to produce such product, wherein in the microorganism the effi-ciency of the respiratory chain is increased, transformed microorganisms and novel nuc-leotide sequences.