Abstract: This disclosure describes techniques for improving route advertisements. In one example, a method includes generating, by a network device, a virtual private network address comprising a route distinguisher value and a network address associated with a compute node, the route distinguisher value based on a layer two physical hardware address of the compute node, and outputting, by the network device, a virtual private network route that includes the virtual private network address.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed in which circuitry of a first controller of a first node on a first path within a transport network receives a first signal indicating a failure within the first path from a second controller. The first node is an end node of the first path. A first client signal failure clear signal is received from a second node upstream of the first node on the first path. The first client signal failure clear signal indicates that a non-restorable fault has been resolved such that the first path can be considered for carrying data traffic. The non-restorable fault is a failure at the source. Subsequent to receiving the first signal indicating the failure within the first path, a backward defect indication clear signal is transmitted to the second node, the backward defect indication clear signal indicating an absence of a failure in the first path.

Abstract: Electro-optical devices and methods for constructing electro-optical devices such as a switch or phase shifter. An electrode layer is deposited on a substrate layer, a waveguide structure is deposited on the electrode layer, a first cladding layer is deposited on the waveguide structure, and the first cladding layer is planarized and bonded to a wafer. The substrate layer is removed and the electrode layer is etched to split the electrode layer into a first electrode separated from a second electrode. A second cladding layer is deposited on the etched electrode layer. The first and second electrodes may be composed of a material with a large dielectric constant, or they may be composed of a material with a large electron mobility. The device may exhibit a sandwich waveguide architecture where an electro-optic layer is disposed between two strip waveguides.

Abstract: Electro-optical devices and methods for constructing electro-optical devices such as a switch or phase shifter. An electrode layer is deposited on a substrate layer, a waveguide structure is deposited on the electrode layer, a first cladding layer is deposited on the waveguide structure, and the first cladding layer is planarized and bonded to a wafer. The substrate layer is removed and the electrode layer is etched to split the electrode layer into a first electrode separated from a second electrode. A second cladding layer is deposited on the etched electrode layer. The first and second electrodes may be composed of a material with a large dielectric constant, or they may be composed of a material with a large electron mobility. The device may exhibit a sandwich waveguide architecture where an electro-optic layer is disposed between two strip waveguides.

Abstract: Electro-optical devices and methods for constructing electro-optical devices such as a switch or phase shifter. An electrode layer is deposited on a substrate layer, a waveguide structure is deposited on the electrode layer, a first cladding layer is deposited on the waveguide structure, and the first cladding layer is planarized and bonded to a wafer. The substrate layer is removed and the electrode layer is etched to split the electrode layer into a first electrode separated from a second electrode. A second cladding layer is deposited on the etched electrode layer. The first and second electrodes may be composed of a material with a large dielectric constant, or they may be composed of a material with a large electron mobility. The device may exhibit a sandwich waveguide architecture where an electro-optic layer is disposed between two strip waveguides.

Abstract: Photonic devices are disclosed including a first cladding layer, a first electrical contact comprising a first lead coupled to a first dielectric portion, a second electrical contact comprising a second lead coupled to a second dielectric portion, a waveguide structure comprising a slab layer comprising a first material, and a second cladding layer. The slab layer may be coupled to the first dielectric portion of the first electrical contact and the second dielectric portion of the second electrical contact. The first dielectric portion and the second dielectric portion may have a dielectric constant greater than a dielectric constant of the first material.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for seamless integration between a multicasting Virtual Private Network and an edge replicated multicast network. For example, a controller (e.g., software defined networking (SDN) controller) may facilitate the integration between a multicasting VPN network and an edge replicated multicast network through the selection of a multicast bridge node from virtual routers specified in the multicast replication tree, and sending information identifying the multicast bridge node to a provider edge (PE) device for the source VPN such that the PE device may use the information to steer multicast traffic from the source VPN site across the Layer 3 VPN network to the multicast bridge node of the receiver VPN site. When the multicast bridge node receives the multicast traffic, the multicast bridge node determines from the information that it is to receive the multicast traffic and to perform the edge replicated multicast using the edge replicated multicast tree.

Abstract: A waveguide mode expander couples a smaller optical mode in a semiconductor waveguide to a larger optical mode in an optical fiber. The waveguide mode expander comprises a shoulder and a ridge. In some embodiments, the ridge of the waveguide mode expander has a plurality of stages, the plurality of stages having different widths at a given cross section.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a memory configured to store a speech translation model and at least one processor electronically connected with the memory. The at least one processor is configured to train the speech translation model based on first information related to conversion between a speech in a first language and a text corresponding to the speech in the first language, and second information related to conversion between a text in the first language and a text in a second language corresponding to the text in the first language, and the speech translation model is trained to convert a speech in the first language into a text in the second language and output the text.

Abstract: An optical switch device includes a first semiconductor structure configured to operate as a first waveguide and a second semiconductor structure configured to operate as a second waveguide. The second semiconductor structure is located above or below the first semiconductor structure and separated from the first semiconductor structure. The second semiconductor structure includes a first portion having a first width and a second portion having a width different from the first width and located on the first portion. The first portion is located between a first doped region and a second doped region.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described in which circuitry of a first controller of a first node receives a first signal indicating an optical loss of signal within the first path. Circuitry of a second controller of the first node on the first path within a transport network generates a second signal indicating a failure within the first path. The first controller accessing a network topology database determines that restoration of the first path would be ineffective due to there being no alternate path, and signals a second node downstream in the first path with the second signal indicating the failure within the first path, and a third signal indicating that restoration of the first path would be ineffective due to there being no alternate path.

Abstract: The present approach relates to techniques for facilitating acquisition of electronic signatures (e-signatures) and/or acknowledgements in the context of electronic forms or documents. In one aspect, a designer may be used to configure tasks corresponding to signature or acknowledgment events that may be added to a person's to-do list or task management application or portal. Interaction with the task to complete the task may then be in accordance with the guidance programmed by the designer, such as to acquire a signature or acknowledgment. In certain aspects, the signature or acknowledgement tasks may be configured for display and completion on a mobile device (e.g., a handheld device such as a phone or tablet computer).

Abstract: A waveguide mode expander couples a smaller optical mode in a semiconductor waveguide to a larger optical mode in an optical fiber. The waveguide mode expander comprises a shoulder and a ridge. In some embodiments, the ridge of the waveguide mode expander has a plurality of stages, the plurality of stages having different widths at a given cross section.

Abstract: The present invention provides a test device for analyzing data communication of an electronic device, the test device comprising a data encoder configured to encode outgoing data according to a predefined physical protocol and output a respective outgoing physical signal to the electronic device, a data analyzer configured to receive an incoming physical signal from the electronic device and provide incoming data encoded in the incoming physical signal, a protocol emulator that is coupled to the data encoder and the data analyzer and that is configured to generate the outgoing data and decode the incoming data according to a predetermined application protocol, and a protocol analyzer that is coupled to the protocol emulator and that is configured to analyze a protocol conformance of the incoming data to the predefined application protocol. Further, the present invention provides a respective test method.

Abstract: An optical switch device includes a first semiconductor structure configured to operate as a first waveguide and a second semiconductor structure configured to operate as a second waveguide. The second semiconductor structure is located above or below the first semiconductor structure and separated from the first semiconductor structure. The second semiconductor structure includes a first portion having a first width and a second portion having a width different from the first width and located on the first portion. The first portion is located between a first doped region and a second doped region.

Abstract: A waveguide mode expander couples a smaller optical mode in a semiconductor waveguide to a larger optical mode in an optical fiber. The waveguide mode expander comprises a shoulder and a ridge. In some embodiments, the ridge of the waveguide mode expander has a plurality of stages, the plurality of stages having different widths at a given cross section.

Abstract: A transport network, a node, and a method are disclosed. The transport network, the node, and the method detect a failure of a super channel originating from a sliceable light source that is routed through the transport network, by detecting an optical loss of signal by an optical power monitoring device, in presence or absence of an optical loss of signal of the complete band by at least one photo detector. This information is analyzed with a fault detection algorithm using a patch cable network configuration to determine a fault indication for a failure within the first node. The fault signal indicative of the fault indication is then passed to another node on the first path.

Abstract: Embodiments herein include methods and apparatuses for providing optical channel protection by a switching controller in an optical networking system. The switching controller may receive, from a light module, a digital fault status message that indicates whether a digital frame demodulated from an optical signal include a fault. The switching controller may receive from an Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC) module, an Optical Layer Defect Propagation (OLDP) status message that indicates an OSC status of the optical signal on a current optical path. The switching controller may receive, from an Optical Add Drop Multiplexer (OADM) module, an optical power status message that indicates a measured power level of the optical signal on the optical path. Based on at least one of the OLDP status, the optical power status, or the digital fault status message, the switching controller may determine the optical path as a working path or a protecting path.

Abstract: A system and method is disclosed in which circuitry of a first controller of a first node on a first path within a transport network receives a first signal indicating a failure within the first path from a second controller. The first node is an end node of the first path. A first client signal failure clear signal is received from a second node upstream of the first node on the first path. The first client signal failure clear signal indicates that a non-restorable fault has been resolved such that the first path can be considered for carrying data traffic. The non-restorable fault is a failure at the source. Subsequent to receiving the first signal indicating the failure within the first path, a backward defect indication clear signal is transmitted to the second node, the backward defect indication clear signal indicating an absence of a failure in the first path.

Abstract: A measurement device is disclosed for carrying out measurements on a system to be measured. For configuring the measurement software to be run by a processor controlling at least one measuring unit of the measurement device, the measurement device comprises a configuration unit which can configure the measurement software to comprise certain measurement features needed for the measurements. The configuration unit displays a configuration screen on a display unit wherein the configuration screen contains a plurality of user-selectable configuration options. This enables the user to receive information about the current software and hardware configuration and to be actively involved in the configuration process. The invention is particularly useful for RF sensitive measurement devices.