Abstract: Presented herein are powder formulations comprising dihydroergotamine (DHE), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In addition to such formulations, also presented herein are methods comprising intranasally administering powder formulations comprising dihydroergotamine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The presented methods can be used for treating headache, for example, for rapid onset treatment of headache, including migraine, e.g. acute treatment of migraine with or without aura.

Abstract: Presented herein are powder formulations comprising dihydroergotamine (DHE), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In addition to such formulations, also presented herein are methods comprising intranasally administering powder formulations comprising dihydroergotamine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The presented methods can be used for treating headache, for example, for rapid onset treatment of headache, including migraine, e.g. acute treatment of migraine with or without aura.

Abstract: Presented herein are powder formulations comprising dihydroergotamine (DHE), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In addition to such formulations, also presented herein are methods comprising intranasally administering powder formulations comprising dihydroergotamine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The presented methods can be used for treating headache, for example, for rapid onset treatment of headache, including migraine, e.g. acute treatment of migraine with or without aura.

Abstract: Presented herein are powder formulations comprising dihydroergotamine (DHE), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In addition to such formulations, also presented herein are methods comprising intranasally administering powder formulations comprising dihydroergotamine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The presented methods can be used for treating headache, for example, for rapid onset treatment of headache, including migraine, e.g. acute treatment of migraine with or without aura.

Abstract: The present invention provides liquid dosage forms for treating narcolepsy. The liquid dosage form includes zolpidem or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a carbonate salt, a citrate salt, and a phosphate salt. The present invention also provides methods for treating somnambulism. The methods include administering an emulsion that includes zolpidem, a bicarbonate salt, a metal oxide, and a borate salt.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compositions for the delivery of a hypnotic agent across the oral mucosa. In particular, the buffer system in the compositions of the present invention raises the pH of saliva to a pH greater than about 7.8, thereby facilitating the substantially complete conversion of the hypnotic agent from its ionized to its un-ionized form. As a result, the dose of hypnotic agent is rapidly and efficiently absorbed by the oral mucosa with surprisingly low inter-subject variability. Furthermore, delivery of the hypnotic agent across the oral mucosa advantageously bypasses hepatic first pass metabolism of the drug and avoids enzymatic degradation of the drug within the gastrointestinal tract. Methods for using the compositions of the present inversion for treating sleep disorders such as insomnia are also provided.

Abstract: Presented herein are powder formulations comprising dihydroergotamine (DHE), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In addition to such formulations, also presented herein are methods comprising intranasally administering powder formulations comprising dihydroergotamine, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The presented methods can be used for treating headache, for example, for rapid onset treatment of headache, including migraine, e.g. acute treatment of migraine with or without aura.

Abstract: The present invention provides liquid dosage forms for treating narcolepsy. The liquid dosage form includes zolpidem or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a carbonate salt, a metal oxide, and a borate salt. The present invention also provides methods for treating somnambulism. The methods include administering an emulsion that includes zolpidem, a bicarbonate salt, a citrate salt, and a phosphate salt.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compositions for the delivery of a hypnotic agent across the oral mucosa. In particular, the buffer system in the compositions of the present invention raises the pH of saliva to a pH greater than about 7.8, thereby facilitating the substantially complete conversion of the hypnotic agent from its ionized to its un-ionized form. As a result, the dose of hypnotic agent is rapidly and efficiently absorbed by the oral mucosa with surprisingly low inter-subject variability. Furthermore, delivery of the hypnotic agent across the oral mucosa advantageously bypasses hepatic first pass metabolism of the drug and avoids enzymatic degradation of the drug within the gastrointestinal tract. Methods for using the compositions of the present invention for treating sleep disorders such as insomnia are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides liquid dosage forms for treating narcolepsy. The liquid dosage form includes zolpidem or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a carbonate salt, a metal oxide, and a borate salt. The present invention also provides methods for treating somnambulism. The methods include administering an emulsion that includes zolpidem, a bicarbonate salt, a citrate salt, and a phosphate salt.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chewing gum for treatment of sleep apnea. The chewing gum includes indiplon or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a gum base, a protecting agent, a carbonate salt, a citrate salt, and a borate salt. The present invention also includes methods of treating narcolepsy, which include the step of administering a dosage form to a patient suffering from narcolepsy. The dosage form includes zopeclon or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a bicarbonate salt, a metal oxide, and a phosphate salt. The dosage form could be a lyophilized powder or a chewing gum.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions for treating middle-of-the-night insomnia without residual sedative effects upon awakening by administering low doses (about 5 mg or less) of zolpidem or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compositions comprising a combination of a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and a selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist for the treatment of obsessive, impulsive and compulsive behavioral activities and other dopamine pathway-associated disorders or conditions. Preferably, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention comprise amounts of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron and a selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, such as risperidone or olanzapine, that are sufficient to control a subject's obsessive, impulsive and compulsive behavioral activities. Kits comprising the combination of antagonists for the treatment of addictive disorders such as alcohol dependence are also provided.

Abstract: Methods for treating obsessive compulsive disorder are described. In one method, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) and ondansetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to a patient suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder. The step of administering the SRI and the ondansetron is then repeated for more than seven days. In another method, an SRI, a neuroleptic, and ondansetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to a patient suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder. The step of administering the SRI, the neuroleptic, and the ondansetron is then repeated for more than seven days. In another method, ondansetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to a patient suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder for more than seven days. The ondansetron or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be administered as a pharmaceutically effective dose up to about 1.5 mg (free-base equivalent).

Abstract: Methods of inducing antinociception in a human are described. The method includes the step of administering an effective dose of a polypeptide comprising L-neo-tryptophan to the human extracranially. The polypeptide containing L-neo-tryptophan could be, but is not limited to, NT64L, NT65L, NT66L, NT67L, NT69L, NT69L?, NT71, NT72, NT73, NT74, NT75, NT76, or NT77.

Abstract: Methods are provided for partial aortic obstruction for cerebral perfusion augmentation in patients suffering from global or focal cerebral ischemia. Alternatively, the methods can be used to partially obstruct aortic blood flow to condition the spinal cord to secrete neuroprotective agents prior to abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Partial obstruction of a vessel can be accomplished by a device comprising an elongate catheter and a distally mounted expandable member. The expandable member may comprise one or two balloons. Other medical devices, such as an angioplasty, stent, or atherectomy catheter, can be inserted distal the expandable member to provide therapeutic intervention.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compositions comprising a combination of a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist and a selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist for the treatment of alcohol dependence and other dopamine pathway-associated disorders or conditions. Preferably, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention comprise amounts of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron and the selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist olanzapine that are sufficient to control a subject's craving for alcohol or other addictive substances. Kits comprising the combination of antagonists for the treatment of addictive disorders such as alcohol dependence are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for treating middle-of-the-night insomnia without residual sedative effects upon awakening by dosing an amount of zolpidem or a salt thereof to a subject who awakens from sleep and desires to resume sleep for less than 5 hours. The step of dosing is performed after the subject awakens from sleep and the amount permits the subject to awaken at a time about four hours after dosing without residual sedative effects.

Abstract: Methods for treating obsessive compulsive disorder are described. In one method, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) and ondansetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to a patient suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder. The step of administering the SRI and the ondansetron is then repeated for more than seven days. In another method, an SRI, a neuroleptic, and ondansetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to a patient suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder. The step of administering the SRI, the neuroleptic, and the ondansetron is then repeated for more than seven days. In another method, ondansetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered to a patient suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder for more than seven days. The ondansetron or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be administered as a pharmaceutically effective dose up to about 1.5 mg (free-base equivalent).

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compositions for the delivery of a hypnotic agent across the oral mucosa. In particular, the buffer system in the compositions of the present invention raises the pH of saliva to a pH greater than about 7.8, thereby facilitating the substantially complete conversion of the hypnotic agent from its ionized to its un-ionized form. As a result, the dose of hypnotic agent is rapidly and efficiently absorbed by the oral mucosa with surprisingly low inter-subject variability. Furthermore, delivery of the hypnotic agent across the oral mucosa advantageously bypasses hepatic first pass metabolism of the drug and avoids enzymatic degradation of the drug within the gastrointestinal tract. Methods for using the compositions of the present invention for treating sleep disorders such as insomnia are also provided.