Patents by Inventor Nikola Subotic
Nikola Subotic has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 7619518Abstract: Intrusion detection methods and apparatus exploit the infrastructure of the building itself. The preferred embodiments use the existing power line infrastructure to provide power, data, and sensor observables to a monitoring system which is simply connected at one point, namely, the connection of the building to the city power grid. Computer network interfaces may also be used. In terms of sensors, impedance, capacitive, inductive, electric field and Radar modalities may be used.Type: GrantFiled: December 1, 2006Date of Patent: November 17, 2009Assignee: Michigan Technological UniversityInventors: Nikolas Subotic, Christopher Roussi, Peter Jensen, William Buller
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Publication number: 20080018462Abstract: Intrusion detection methods and apparatus exploit the infrastructure of the building itself. The preferred embodiments use the existing power line infrastructure to provide power, data, and sensor observables to a monitoring system which is simply connected at one point, namely, the connection of the building to the city power grid. Computer network interfaces may also be used. In terms of sensors, impedance, capacitive, inductive, electric field and Radar modalities may be used.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 1, 2006Publication date: January 24, 2008Inventors: Nikolas Subotic, Christopher Roussi, Peter Jensen, William Buller
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Patent number: 7187325Abstract: A substrate is provided with a multiplicity of electrically conductive elements, and the elements are interconnected to form an antenna structure for desired application. Either the antenna pattern itself may be altered according to the invention, or one or more feed points may be changed, or all of the above. As such, the electrically conductive elements may be interconnected to change the directionality of the antenna pattern, the gain, the frequency response, or other operational characteristics. The electrically conductive elements may be arranged in the form of an inchoate antenna pattern or regular array. Switches at key points of the structure enable the pattern to be changed dynamically. Such switching may be carried out in real time in accordance with transmissions/reception characteristics, or in advance using simulations associated with the switched elements.Type: GrantFiled: January 22, 2003Date of Patent: March 6, 2007Assignee: Altarum InstituteInventors: Nikolas Subotic, Christopher Roussi, Joseph Burns, Vincent Canella
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Publication number: 20050259004Abstract: A substrate is provided with a multiplicity of electrically conductive elements, and the elements are interconnected to form an antenna structure for desired application. Either the antenna pattern itself may be altered according to the invention, or one or more feed points may be changed, or all of the above. As such, the electrically conductive elements may be interconnected to change the directionality of the antenna pattern, the gain, the frequency response, or other operational characteristics. The electrically conductive elements may be arranged in the form of an inchoate antenna pattern or regular array. Switches at key points of the structure enable the pattern to be changed dynamically. Such switching may be carried out in real time in accordance with transmissions/reception characteristics, or in advance using simulations associated with the switched elements.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 22, 2003Publication date: November 24, 2005Inventors: Nikola Subotic, Christopher Roussi, Joseph Burns, Vincent Cannella
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Patent number: 6775520Abstract: The relative movement of a receiver and transmitter in a communications system is used to advantage by electronically synthesizing a larger apparent antenna aperture, thereby increasing signal-to-noise ratio. The approach may be used regardless of whether the transmitter is fixed and the user or vehicle is moving, or the user or vehicle is fixed and the transmitter is moving. According to the method, the apparent angle between the receiver and transmitter is determined relative to the direction of movement and used to produce time-delayed replicas of the received signaling stream which are coherently added to synthesize the increased apparent receiver antenna aperture. Since only the receiver is modified according to the invention, existing transmitters and infrastructures can be used without modification. Although some data buffering is required, only a few number of beams need to be synthesized, in contrast to more complex military SAR configurations.Type: GrantFiled: January 22, 2003Date of Patent: August 10, 2004Assignee: Altarum InstituteInventors: Nikola Subotic, Christopher Roussi, Joseph Burns
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Patent number: 6774844Abstract: An approach to antenna design optimizes gain, beam pattern, polarization response, and other qualities through self-replicating patterns based upon iterative transformations and candidate geometric shapes. In the preferred embodiment Hausdorff structures are used to realize &lgr;n-arbitrary different radiation patterns, including patterns optimized for multiple frequencies. The most preferred approach applies a sequence of different Hutchinson operators to different geometric subsets, thereby achieving patterns which are not only arbitrary in terms of wavelength/frequency, but also permit variable radiation patterns and variable polarization other desirable criteria. In addition to the use of variable scaling, geometric patterns, and the like, multiple structures may be placed within the same spatial footprint to permit reception over more bands.Type: GrantFiled: August 9, 2002Date of Patent: August 10, 2004Assignee: Altarum InstituteInventors: Nikolas Subotic, Christopher Roussi, Joseph Burns
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Patent number: 6762719Abstract: An antenna pattern disposed on a three-dimensional object is used to optimize gain, beam pattern, polarization response, or other qualities despite or independently of physical orientation. In the preferred embodiment a fractal array is used on a polyhedron, though non-fractal and other self-replicating antenna patterns may be generated through the use of additional transformations and candidate geometric shapes to achieve patterns which are not only arbitrary in terms of wavelength/frequency, but also permit variable radiation patterns and variable polarization other desirable criteria. In addition to the use of variable scaling, geometric patterns, and the like, multiple structures may be placed within the same spatial footprint to permit reception over more bands. As an alternative to a fixed pattern with switches used to swap elements or change feed points, a reconfigurable multi-dimensional array may be used having an active area optimized to maximize reception for a desired frequency and/or direction.Type: GrantFiled: January 22, 2003Date of Patent: July 13, 2004Assignee: Altarum InstituteInventors: Nikola Subotic, Christopher Roussi, Joseph Burns
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Publication number: 20040022356Abstract: A three-dimensional, real-time, multi-phenomenology data reconstruction and fusion system and method are described for scanning bags, luggage, and the like. The approach blends 3D computed topography with other sensing modalities such as magnetic resonance and an embedded decision-directed data reconstruction/exploitation structure to ensure high performance and real-time operation. A 2D array architecture provides sets of 2D projections immediately, which can be exploited as a precursor to a full 3D data reconstruction and exploitation to enhance system speed. Various processing algorithms to determine object type and next best view or reconstructed slice for fast operation at high classification rates; to provide significantly enhanced impulse response performance, such that subtle details are not obscured by bright scattering objects; and to exploit both the multi-modality data and exploited entities for explosive detection, for example.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 13, 2003Publication date: February 5, 2004Inventors: Nikola Subotic, Christopher Roussi, Robert A. Shuchman, Gregory Leonard
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Publication number: 20030169888Abstract: Broadly, this invention resides in apparatus and methods involving a set of soundfield nulling algorithms providing a localized decrease in sound intensity. Among the benefits of the approach, is that there is little, if any, affect on other important positions such as power or spectral content, insofar as energy is directed to unimportant areas. In the preferred embodiment, two separate algorithms are used, depending upon the frequency range of the acoustic signal. For lower frequencies (for example, less than 300 Hz), the algorithm is based on Cepstral techniques and overtly uses the fact that in an enclosed area, the predominant acoustic influence is in the form of standing waves. At higher frequencies, however, (i.e., 300 Hz and above), the sound is due to free-space propagation. Consequently, single free-space algorithms that are applied across the spectrum have great difficulty in providing useful sound nulls without distortion.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 10, 2003Publication date: September 11, 2003Inventors: Nikolas Subotic, Christopher Roussi, Joseph Burns
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Publication number: 20030142001Abstract: The relative movement of a receiver and transmitter in a communications system is used to advantage by electronically synthesizing a larger apparent antenna aperture, thereby increasing signal-to-noise ratio. The approach may be used regardless of whether the transmitter is fixed and the user or vehicle is moving, or the user or vehicle is fixed and the transmitter is moving. According to the method, the apparent angle between the receiver and transmitter is determined relative to the direction of movement and used to produce time-delayed replicas of the received signaling stream which are coherently added to synthesize the increased apparent receiver antenna aperture. Since only the receiver is modified according to the invention, existing transmitters and infrastructures can be used without modification. Significant cost potentials can be realized via economy of scale, due to relatively simple FFT processing.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 22, 2003Publication date: July 31, 2003Inventors: Nikola Subotic, Christopher Roussi, Joseph Burns
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Publication number: 20030137452Abstract: An antenna pattern disposed on a three-dimensional object is used to optimize gain, beam pattern, polarization response, or other qualities despite or independently of physical orientation. In the preferred embodiment a fractal array is used on a polyhedron, though non-fractal and other self-replicating antenna patterns may be generated through the use of additional transformations and candidate geometric shapes to achieve patterns which are not only arbitrary in terms of wavelength/frequency, but also permit variable radiation patterns and variable polarization other desirable criteria. In addition to the use of variable scaling, geometric patterns, and the like, multiple structures may be placed within the same spatial footprint to permit reception over more bands. As an alternative to a fixed pattern with switches used to swap elements or change feed points, a reconfigurable multi-dimensional array may be used having an active area optimized to maximize reception for a desired frequency and/or direction.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 22, 2003Publication date: July 24, 2003Inventors: Nikola Subotic, Christopher Roussi, Joseph Burns
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Publication number: 20030052818Abstract: An approach to antenna design optimizes gain, beam pattern, polarization response, and other qualities through self-replicating patterns based upon iterative transformations and candidate geometric shapes. In the preferred embodiment Hausdorff structures are used to realize &lgr;n-arbitrary different radiation patterns, including patterns optimized for multiple frequencies. The most preferred approach applies a sequence of different Hutchinson operators to different geometric subsets, thereby achieving patterns which are not only arbitrary in terms of wavelength/frequency, but also permit variable radiation patterns and variable polarization other desirable criteria. In addition to the use of variable scaling, geometric patterns, and the like, multiple structures may be placed within the same spatial footprint to permit reception over more bands.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 9, 2002Publication date: March 20, 2003Inventors: Nikolas Subotic, Christopher Roussi, Joseph Burns