Abstract: A system is provided for triggering an action based on a disease severity and/or an affective state of a subject. Sensor data are used which monitors physiological conditions of the subject as well as user data which convey a subjective assessment of their affective state. An objective health indication is obtained from the sensor data and a subjective health indication is obtained from the user data. These indications are compared and this comparison is used in estimating a disease severity. A trigger for action by the subject or by a caregiver is generated based on the estimated disease severity and/or affective state.

Abstract: A respiratory monitoring apparatus (10) includes a central venous pressure sensor (24) configured to measure a central venous pressure (CVP) signal of a patient. At least one processor (32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 58) is programmed to process the CVP signal to generate respiratory information for the patient by operations including: segmenting the CVP signal based on detected breath intervals; calculating a surrogate muscle pressure signal from the segmented CVP signal; and filtering the surrogate muscle pressure signal to remove a cardiac activity component a cardiac activity component of the surrogate respiratory muscle pressure signal.

Abstract: A method for controlling a ventilator to provide variable volume (VV) with average volume assured pressure support (AVAPS), including: producing a VV target volume using a VV distribution function; producing a volume error Verror that is the difference between the VV target volume and a measured volume of the previous breath; scaling the volume error Verror; producing a VV target difference as the difference between VV target volume and the VV target volume of the previous breath; producing a modified volume error by adding the VV target difference to the scaled volume error Verror; producing a delta pressure support ?PS based upon the modified volume error and a dynamic compliance; and producing a current pressure support value based upon the delta pressure support ?PS and the pressure support value of the previous breath.

Abstract: In respiratory monitoring, a breathing cycle detector (44) detects a breath interval in airway pressure and/or flow data. A respiratory parameters estimator and validator (30) asynchronously fits the airway pressure and airway flow data to an equation of motion of the lungs relating airway pressure and airway flow to generate asynchronously estimated respiratory parameters for the breath interval, using a sliding time window that is not synchronized with the breath interval. The asynchronously estimated respiratory parameters for the breath interval are validated using at least one physiological plausibility criterion defined with respect to the breath interval. Responsive to failure of the validation, the airway pressure and airway flow data are synchronously fitted to the equation of motion of the lungs to generate synchronously estimated respiratory parameters for the breath interval. The synchronous fitting is performed in a time window aligned with the breath interval.

Abstract: Respiratory variables are estimated on a per-breath basis from airway pressure and flow data acquired by airway pressure and flow sensors (20, 22). A breath detector (28) detects a breath interval. A per-breath respiratory variables estimator (30) fits the airway pressure and flow data over the detected breath interval to an equation of motion of the lungs relating airway pressure, airway flow, and a single-breath parameterized respiratory muscle pressure profile (40, 42) to generate optimized parameter values for the single-breath parameterized respiratory muscle pressure profile. Respiratory muscle pressure is estimated as a function of time over the detected breath interval as the single-breath parameterized respiratory muscle pressure profile with the optimized parameter values, and may for example be displayed as a trend line on a display device (26, 36) or integrated (32) to generate Work of Breathing (WoB) for use in adjusting settings of a ventilator (10).

Abstract: The invention discloses a computer-implemented method for monitoring an intubated patient (104), the method comprising receiving, from one or more sensors (110, 112) associated with the intubated patient, data relating to the intubated patient; determining a likelihood of self-extubation by the intubated patient based on the received data; and responsive to determining that the likelihood of self-extubation is greater than a defined threshold, generating an alert signal.

Abstract: A respiratory monitoring apparatus (10) includes a central venous pressure sensor (24) configured to measure a central venous pressure (CVP) signal of a patient. At least one processor (32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 58) is programmed to process the CVP signal to generate respiratory information for the patient by operations including: segmenting the CVP signal based on detected breath intervals; calculating a surrogate muscle pressure signal from the segmented CVP signal; and filtering the surrogate muscle pressure signal to remove a cardiac activity component a cardiac activity component of the surrogate respiratory muscle pressure signal.

Abstract: A system configured to monitor a patient undergoing an oxygen therapy includes a housing configured to be connected to a patient interface that delivers the oxygen therapy to the patient; a plurality of sensors disposed in or on the housing and configured to generate output signals conveying information about one or more patient/system interaction attributes associated with the oxygen therapy; and a computer system that comprises one or more physical processors operatively connected with the plurality of sensors, the physical processors being programmed with computer program instructions which, when executed cause the computer system to: determine the one or more patient/system interaction attributes associated with the oxygen therapy based on the information in the output signals; and generate output information for communication to the patient and/or a caregiver based on the output signals.

Abstract: A system includes an oxygen supply; one or more sensors configured to generate output signals conveying information as to whether the patient is in an inspiratory phase or in an expiratory phase; one or more valves; and a computer system. The one or more valves have a) a first configuration in which the one or more valves operate to recover an excess flow of the oxygen-enriched breathing gas during the inspiratory phase, and b) a second configuration in which the one or more valves vent an exhalation flow of the patient during the expiratory phase to atmosphere. One or more physical processors are programmed with computer program instructions which, when executed cause the computer system to provide input to the one or more valves based on the output signals, the provided input causing movement of the one or more valves between the first and second configuration.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining a first physiological parameter indicative of a non-invasively measured airway pressure of a subject, obtaining a second physiological parameter indicative of a non-invasively measured air flow into the lungs of the subject, and estimating a third physiological parameter indicative of an intra-pleural pressure of the subject based on the first and second physiological parameters and generating a signal indicative thereof. An other method includes obtaining a first physiological parameter indicative of a non-invasively estimated intra-pleural pressure of a subject, determining a second physiological parameter indicative of a lung volume of the subject that is based on a third physiological parameter indicative of a non-invasively measured air flow into the lungs of the subject, and determining a work of breathing based on the first and second physiological parameters and generating a signal indicative thereof.

Abstract: A mechanical ventilator (10) is connected with a ventilated patient (12) to provide ventilation in accordance with ventilator settings of the mechanical ventilator. Physiological values (variables) are acquired for the ventilated patient using physiological sensors (32). A ventilated patient cardiopulmonary (CP) model (40) is fitted to the acquired physiological variables values to generate a fitted ventilated patient CP model by fine-tuning its parameters (50). Updated ventilator settings are determined by adjusting model ventilator settings of the fitted ventilated patient CP model to minimize a cost function (60). The updated ventilator settings may be displayed on a display component (22) as recommended ventilator settings for the ventilated patient, or the ventilator settings of the mechanical ventilator may be automatically changed to the updated ventilator settings so as to automatically control the mechanical ventilator.

Abstract: A medical ventilator (10) performs a method including: receiving measurements of pressure of air inspired by or expired from a ventilated patient (12) operatively connected with the medical ventilator; receiving measurements of air flow into or out of the ventilated patient operatively connected with the medical ventilator; dividing a breath time interval into a plurality of fitting regions (60); and simultaneously estimating respiratory system's resistance and compliance or elastance, and respiratory muscle pressure in each fitting region by fitting to a time series of pressure and air flow samples in that fitting region. In one approach, the fitting includes parameterizing the respiratory muscle pressure by a continuous differentiable function, such as a polynomial function, over the fitting region.

Abstract: In respiratory monitoring, a breathing cycle detector (44) detects a breath interval in airway pressure and/or flow data. A respiratory parameters estimator and validator (30) asynchronously fits the airway pressure and airway flow data to an equation of motion of the lungs relating airway pressure and airway flow to generate asynchronously estimated respiratory parameters for the breath interval, using a sliding time window that is not synchronized with the breath interval. The asynchronously estimated respiratory parameters for the breath interval are validated using at least one physiological plausibility criterion defined with respect to the breath interval. Responsive to failure of the validation, the airway pressure and airway flow data are synchronously fitted to the equation of motion of the lungs to generate synchronously estimated respiratory parameters for the breath interval. The synchronous fitting is performed in a time window aligned with the breath interval.

Abstract: Respiratory variables are estimated on a per-breath basis from airway pressure and flow data acquired by airway pressure and flow sensors (20, 22). A breath detector (28) detects a breath interval. A per-breath respiratory variables estimator (30) fits the airway pressure and flow data over the detected breath interval to an equation of motion of the lungs relating airway pressure, airway flow, and a single-breath parameterized respiratory muscle pressure profile (40, 42) to generate optimized parameter values for the single-breath parameterized respiratory muscle pressure profile. Respiratory muscle pressure is estimated as a function of time over the detected breath interval as the single-breath parameterized respiratory muscle pressure profile with the optimized parameter values, and may for example be displayed as a trend line on a display device (26, 36) or integrated (32) to generate Work of Breathing (WoB) for use in adjusting settings of a ventilator (10).

Abstract: A Moving Window Least Squares (MWLS) approach is applied to estimate respiratory system parameters from measured air flow and pressure. In each window, elastance Ers (or resistance Rrs) is first estimated, and a Kalman filter may be applied to the estimate. This is input to a second estimator that estimates R (or E), to which a second Kalman filter may be applied. Finally, the estimated Ers and Rrs are used to calculate muscle pressure Pmus(t) in the time window. A system comprises a ventilator (100), an airway pressure sensor (112), and an air flow sensor (114), and a respiratory system analyzer (120) that performs the MWLS estimation. Estimated results may be displayed on a display (110) of the ventilator or of a patient monitor. The estimated Pmus(t) may be used to reduce patient-ventilator dyssynchrony, or integrated to generate a Work of Breathing (WOB) signal for controlling ventilation.

Abstract: A medical ventilator (10) performs a method including: receiving measurements of pressure of air inspired by or expired from a ventilated patient (12) operatively connected with the medical ventilator; receiving measurements of air flow into or out of the ventilated patient operatively connected with the medical ventilator; dividing a breath time interval into a plurality of fitting regions (60); and simultaneously estimating respiratory system's resistance and compliance or elastance, and respiratory muscle pressure in each fitting region by fitting to a time series of pressure and air flow samples in that fitting region. In one approach, the fitting includes parameterizing the respiratory muscle pressure by a continuous differentiable function, such as a polynomial function, over the fitting region.

Abstract: A mechanical ventilator (10) is connected with a ventilated patient (12) to provide ventilation in accordance with ventilator settings of the mechanical ventilator. Physiological values (variables) are acquired for the ventilated patient using physiological sensors (32). A ventilated patient cardiopulmonary (CP) model (40) is fitted to the acquired physiological variables values to generate a fitted ventilated patient CP model by fine-tuning its parameters (50). Updated ventilator settings are determined by adjusting model ventilator settings of the fitted ventilated patient CP model to minimize a cost function (60). The updated ventilator settings may be displayed on a display component (22) as recommended ventilator settings for the ventilated patient, or the ventilator settings of the mechanical ventilator may be automatically changed to the updated ventilator settings so as to automatically control the mechanical ventilator.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining a first physiological parameter indicative of a non-invasively measured airway pressure of a subject, obtaining a second physiological parameter indicative of a non-invasively measured air flow into the lungs of the subject, and estimating a third physiological parameter indicative of an intra-pleural pressure of the subject based on the first and second physiological parameters and generating a signal indicative thereof. An other method includes obtaining a first physiological parameter indicative of a non-invasively estimated intra-pleural pressure of a subject, determining a second physiological parameter indicative of a lung volume of the subject that is based on a third physiological parameter indicative of a non-invasively measured air flow into the lungs of the subject, and determining a work of breathing based on the first and second physiological parameters and generating a signal indicative thereof.