Abstract: Data structures, systems, methods and computer program products that enable precise information retrieval and extraction, and thus facilitate relational and associative discovery are disclosed. The present invention utilizes a novel data structure termed a “Knowlet” which combines multiple attributes and values for relationships between concepts. While texts contain many re-iterations of factual statements, Knowlets record relationships between two concepts only once and the attributes and values of the relationships change based on multiple instances of factual statements, increasing co-occurrence or associations. The present invention's approach results in a minimal growth of the Knowlet space as compared to the text space and it thus useful where there is a vast data store, a relevant ontology/thesaurus, and a need for knowledge navigation and (relational, associative, and/or other) knowledge discovery.