Abstract: A programmable timing device includes a support for receiving markings at locations corresponding with predetermined times in a given period, the locations designated by characters indicating respective hours and predetermined intervals in minutes of the given period, timing means for deriving sequential timing signals at predetermined intervals during the period and means for providing an output signal whenever there is correspondence between a timing signal and a respective one of the markings.

Abstract: A device for electrical connection of marks produced by means of an electroconductive writing substance to a readout device, by applying said marks in electroconductive relationship with pairs of mutually isolated conductive paths on at least one isolating substrate. Said substrate with its pairs of paths is removably connectable to the readout device by means of separate connection elements for each path. A mark bridges the conductive paths in one pair and closes an electric circuit on at least one substrate, whereby readout can take place without mechanical motion, and all electric circuits on such a marked substrate exist at the same time and the marks are readable electrically as well as visually.