Abstract: Orthodontic and/or dental treatment planning methods and apparatuses. In particular, described herein are methods of generating a plurality of orthodontic treatment plans digitally using a hierarchy of bounding boxes enclosing the plurality of 3D shapes to avoid collisions during treatment.

Abstract: Orthodontic and/or dental treatment planning methods and apparatuses. In particular, described herein are methods of generating a plurality of orthodontic treatment plans digitally using a hierarchy of bounding boxes enclosing the plurality of 3D shapes to avoid collisions during treatment.

Abstract: Orthodontic and/or dental treatment planning methods and apparatuses. In particular, described herein are methods of generating a plurality of potential treatment plan variations for the concurrent and interactive review of the treatment plan variations. Each variation may be optimized to best address the user's treatment goals, as well as approximating as closely as possible an ideal or target final position. Also described herein are orthodontic and/or dental treatment planning methods and apparatuses that allow a user to form, modify, and select a treatment plan from a plurality of different treatment plans, in real time.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided an ellipsometry system for measuring any one or more of molecular binding, adsorption and desorption on a substrate, the system comprising: a) a cuvette comprising i) a body within which a cavity is formed and an opening on the body, wherein the cavity extends into the opening through which the substrate is immersed; ii) a window formed on each of two oppositely located walls of the body, wherein the windows are aligned to allow light to enter through one of the two windows to reflect off the portion of the substrate immersed in the cavity and exit through the other of the two windows; iii) a channel arrangement enclosed within the body of the cuvette and comprising two non-contiguous portions, wherein one of the two non-contiguous portions guides fluid into the cavity and the other non-contiguous portion guides fluid out of the cavity; b) a polarized light source disposed to provide the light that enters into one of the two windows on the body of th

Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided an ellipsometry system for measuring any one or more of molecular binding, adsorption and desorption on a substrate, the system comprising: a) a cuvette comprising i) a body within which a cavity is formed and an opening on the body, wherein the cavity extends into the opening through which the substrate is immersed; ii) a window formed on each of two oppositely located walls of the body, wherein the windows are aligned to allow light to enter through one of the two windows to reflect off the portion of the substrate immersed in the cavity and exit through the other of the two windows; iii) a channel arrangement enclosed within the body of the cuvette and comprising two non-contiguous portions, wherein one of the two non-contiguous portions guides fluid into the cavity and the other non-contiguous portion guides fluid out of the cavity; b) a polarized light source disposed to provide the light that enters into one of the two windows on the body of th

Abstract: Orthodontic and/or dental treatment planning methods and apparatuses. In particular, described herein are methods of generating a plurality of potential treatment plan variations for the concurrent and interactive review of the treatment plan variations. Each variation may be optimized to best address the user's treatment goals, as well as approximating as closely as possible an ideal or target final position. Also described herein are orthodontic and/or dental treatment planning methods and apparatuses that allow a user to form, modify, and select a treatment plan from a plurality of different treatment plans, in real time.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided an ellipsometry system for measuring any one or more of molecular binding, adsorption and desorption on a substrate, the system comprising: a) a cuvette comprising i) a body within which a cavity is formed and an opening on the body, wherein the cavity extends into the opening through which the substrate is immersed; ii) a window formed on each of two oppositely located walls of the body, wherein the windows are aligned to allow light to enter through one of the two windows to reflect off the portion of the substrate immersed in the cavity and exit through the other of the two windows; iii) a channel arrangement enclosed within the body of the cuvette and comprising two non-contiguous portions, wherein one of the two non-contiguous portions guides fluid into the cavity and the other non-contiguous portion guides fluid out of the cavity; b) a polarized light source disposed to provide the light that enters into one of the two windows on the body of th

Abstract: The present invention relates to a treatment of high-level waste of radiochemical production containing radionuclides and macro-admixtures including sodium. The method of extraction of radionuclides by processing acidic aqueous waste solutions by extractants containing macrocyclic compounds selected from the group of crown ethers having aromatic fragments containing alkyl and/or hydroxyalkyl substituents of a linear and/or branched structure, and/or cyclohexane fragments containing alkyl and/or hydroxyalkyl substituents of a linear and/or branched structure, and/or fragments of —O—CHR—CH2O—, where R is the normal or branched alkyl or hydroxyalkyl in organic solvents containing polyfluorinated telomeric alcohol 1,1,7-trihydrododecafluoroheptanol-1 having the formula H(CF2CF2)nCH2OH, where n=3, and a mixture of polyoxyethylene glycol ethers of synthetic primary higher aliphatic alcohols of a fraction C12-C14 of a general formula CnH2n+1O(C2H4O)mH, where n=12-14, m=2 is proposed.