Abstract: Method and system for safety monitoring of a rechargeable lithium battery powering an electrical device. Primary parameters of battery are measured during a normal operation of the electrical device. Primary parameters may include: DC current; DC voltage; state of charge; measurement timestamps; battery temperature and ambient temperature. Primary parameters are processed to derive secondary parameters, and to determine a state of risk (SOR) of battery based on primary parameters and secondary parameters, during normal operation of electrical device. Processing may apply resistors-capacitors model and/or machine learning model. SOR determination may be based on comparison with baseline value reflecting baseline condition of battery. SOR may include categories of No Fault Found (NFF); Potential Fault Found (PFF); and Fault Found (FF). Alert of a potential short circuit derived hazard may be provided and/or countermeasure may be implemented responsive to determined SOR, such as when SOR category is PFF or FF.

Abstract: A membrane comprising: (a) a hydrophobic matrix polymer, and (b) a hydrophilic non-ionic polymer, wherein the hydrophobic polymer and the hydrophilic polymer are disposed so as to form a dense selectively proton-conducting membrane. The microstructure of such a membrane can be tailored to specific functionality requirements, such as proton conductivity vs. proton selectivity, and selectivity to particular species.

Abstract: A non-liquid electrolyte containing electrochemical cell which operates efficiently at room temperature. The cell includes: (a) a non-liquid electrolyte (14) in which protons are mobile; (b) an anode (10) including an active material based on the organic compound which is a source of protons during cell discharge; and (c) a solid cathode (12) including a compound which forms an electrochemical couple with the anode. The active materials can be chosen so that the cell has the feature that the electrochemical reactions at the anode and cathode are at least partially reversible. An important feature of the cell is that no thermal activation is required for its operation. Therefore, the cell efficiently operates under ambient temperatures.

Abstract: A non-liquid electrolyte containing electrochemical cell which operates efficiently at room temperature. The cell includes (a) a non-liquid electrolyte in which protons are mobile, (b) an anode active material based on an organic compound which is a source of protons during cell discharge, or an anode active material including a metal whose cation can assume at least two different non-zero oxidation numbers and (c) a solid cathode including a compound which forms an electrochemical couple with the anode. Anode and cathode active materials can be chosen so that the cell has the feature that the electrochemical reactions at the anode and cathode are at least partially reversible. An important feature of the cell is that no thermal activation is required for its operation, therefore, the cell efficiently operates under ambient temperatures.

Abstract: A non-liquid proton conductor membrane for use in an electrochemical system, under ambient conditions, the electrochemical system comprising (a) an anode plate; (b) a cathode plate; and (c) a non-liquid proton conductor membrane interposed between the anode plate and cathode plate, such that an electrical contact is formed between the anode plate and cathode plate via the non-liquid proton conductor membrane and ions flow therebetween, the non-liquid proton conductor membrane including (i) a matrix polymer dissolvable in a first solvent; (ii) an acidic multimer dissolvable in the first solvent; wherein, the matrix polymer is selected such that when the non-liquid proton conductor membrane is contacted with a second solvent, the non-liquid proton conductor membrane swells and as a result the electrical contact improves.

Abstract: A non-liquid electrolyte containing battery power source which operates efficiently at room temperature. The battery includes (1) a non-liquid electrolyte in which protons are mobile, (2) an anode active material based on an organic compound which is a source of protons during battery discharge, or an anode active material including a metal whose cation can assume at least two different non-zero oxidation numbers and (3) a solid cathode including a compound which forms an electrochemical battery couple with the anode. Anode and cathode active materials can be chosen so that the battery has the feature that the electrochemical reactions at the anode and cathode are at least partially reversible. It is suitable for electronic consumer products, biomedical applications, electric vehicle applications, and the like. The battery can be fabricated in any desired shape or size without any special production precautions.

Abstract: A non-liquid proton conductor membrane for use in an electrochemical system, under ambient conditions, the electrochemical system comprising (a) an anode plate; (b) a cathode plate; and (c) a non-liquid proton conductor membrane interposed between the anode plate and cathode plate, such that an electrical contact is formed between the anode plate and cathode plate via the non-liquid proton conductor membrane and ions flow therebetween, the non-liquid proton conductor membrane including (i) a matrix polymer dissolvable in a first solvent; (ii) an acidic multimer dissolvable in the first solvent; wherein, the matrix polymer is selected such that when the non-liquid proton conductor membrane is contacted with a second solvent, the non-liquid proton conductor membrane swells and as a result the electrical contact improves.

Abstract: An all solid state battery power source which operates efficiently at room temperature. The battery includes (1) a solid state electrolyte in which protons are mobile, (2) an anode active material based on an organic compound which is a source of protons during battery discharge, or an anode active material including a metal whose cation can assume at least two different non-zero oxidation numbers and (3) a solid cathode including a compound which forms an electrochemical battery couple with the anode. Anode and cathode active materials can be chosen so that the battery has the feature that the electrochemical reactions at the anode and cathode are at least partially reversible. It is suitable for electronic consumer products, biomedical applications, electric vehicle applications, and the like. The battery can be fabricated in any desired shape without any special production precautions.

Abstract: An all solid state battery power source which operates efficiently at room temperature. The battery includes (1) a solid state protonic conductor electrolyte, (2) an anode active material based on an aromatic organic compound capable of producing protons and electrons in an anodic reaction during battery discharge, and (3) a solid cathode capable of reacting with protons. Anode and cathode active materials can be chosen so that the battery has the feature that the electrochemical reactions at the anode and cathode are at least partially reversible. It is suitable for electronic consumer products, biomedical applications, electric vehicle applications, and the like. The battery can be fabricated in any desired shape without any special production precautions.

Abstract: An all solid state battery power source which operates efficiently at room temperature. The battery includes (1) a solid state protonic conductor electrolyte, (2) an anode active material based on an aromatic organic compound capable of producing protons and electrons in an anodic reaction during battery discharge, and (3) a solid cathode capable of reacting with protons. Anode and cathode active materials can be chosen so that the battery has the feature that the electrochemical reactions at the anode and cathode are at least partially reversible. It is suitable for electronic consumer products, biomedical applications, electric vehicle applications, and the like. The battery can be fabricated in any desired shape without any special production precautions.

Abstract: Passivation of lithium anodes in contact with thionyl chloride cathode/electrolytes is reduced by adding to the electrolytes a substance from the group of alkyl 2 cyanoacrylates and acrylic and substituted acrylic ester polymers.

Abstract: A method for reducing passivation of a lithium electrode used in a cell having a thionyl chloride liquid cathode is disclosed, the method comprising providing on the surface of the electrode a polymer Film selected from the group of alkyl acrylate and alkyl substituted acrylate polymers, the Film containing a salt in the polymer matrix.

Abstract: A lithium-thionyl chloride cell which has a lithium-aluminum alloy at the anode surface for reducing voltage delay.

Abstract: A method for reducing passivation of a lithium anode used in a cell having a liquid thionyl chloride cathode is disclosed, characterized in that the anode is coated before the assembly of the cell with a solution of an alkyl 2-cyanoacrylate, a solvent, and lithium perchlorate.